赣北樱花引种及其开花物候特征
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摘要
以九江市林业科学研究所从南京多彩樱花良种繁育有限公司引种的12个樱花品种为研究材料,对其在赣北地区的开花物候期和花叶性状等特征与本地山樱进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)12个引种樱花品种和本地山樱均能正常生长、开花,引进樱花品种的存活率除白妙(76.25%)、一叶樱(68.75%)和八重红彼岸(86.7%)较低外,其余都在90%以上,且红绯衣、江户彼岸、御帝吉野、阳光和染井吉野5个品种表现出很强的萌芽力和生长势;(2)2018年与2017年相比7个樱花品种的开花时间普遍提前了1～7 d,花期在3月上旬到4月中旬,在花期持续时间上,阳光、江户彼岸和白妙樱的平均花期达到了31、29、27 d,比本地山樱延长了40.9、31.8和22.7%;(3)不同樱花品种的花色、花径和花瓣数量均有一定差异,红绯衣、阳光、白妙和一叶樱的花朵较大,花径分别为5.0、5.5、5.8和4.5 cm;(4)总的来说,12个引进樱花品种中以阳光和江户彼岸适应性最好,且存活率高、花期持续时间长、花和叶相对较大,红绯衣和苔清水等9个品种的适应性次之,一叶樱的适应性最弱。
In this paper,12 kinds of Cerasus species introduced from Nanjing Colorful Cerasus breeding Co.LTD were used as research materials by Jiujiang Institute of Forestry Science Research to compare their flowering phenological period and flower leaf characters in Northern Jiangxi Province with the local C.serrulata lannesiana(Carrière) Makino.The results showed that:(1) Both the introduced C.species and the local C.serrulata lannesiana(Carrière) Makino also grew and blossomed normally,and the survival rate of the six kinds of imported C.species are over 90%,except that the C.serrulata'Sirotae'(76.25%),C.serrulata 'Hisakura'(68.75%) and C.speciosa 'Yaebeni-ohshima'(86.7%) are relatively low,the C.serrulata 'Matsumae-benihigorom',C.itosakura f.ascendens,C.yedoensis 'Mikado-yoshino',C.'Yoko',and C.yedoensis 'Somei-yoshino' showed strong germination and growth potential.(2) In 2018,the flowering time of seven kinds of C.species was generally about 1 to 7 days earlier than that of 2017.The flowering period was from early March to early April.In terms of the florescence duration,the average flowering period of C.'Yoko',C.itosakura f.ascendens,and C.serrulata 'Sirotae'reached 31,29 and 27 days,which was 40.9,31.8 and 22.7 percent longer than that of local C.serrulata lannesiana(Carrière) Makino.(3) There is a certain difference in flower color,flower diameter and number of petals among different C.species.The flowers of C.serrulata 'Matsumae-benihigorom',C.'Yoko',C.serrulata 'Sirotae' and C.serrulata 'Hisakura'are larger the others,with flower diameter of 5.0,5.5,5.8 and 4.5 cm respectively.(4) On the whole,among the 12 kinds of imported C.species,the C.'Yoko' and C.itosakura f.ascendens have the strongest adaptability,and its survival rate was high,florescence duration was long,flowers and leaves were relatively larger than the other imported C.species and local C.serrulata lannesiana(Carrière) Makino,followed by 9 kinds imported C.species includ C.serrulata 'Matsumae-benihigorom'and C.serrulata 'Kokeshimidu',while the C.serrulata 'Hisakura' showed the weakest performance.
In this paper,12 kinds of Cerasus species introduced from Nanjing Colorful Cerasus breeding Co.LTD were used as research materials by Jiujiang Institute of Forestry Science Research to compare their flowering phenological period and flower leaf characters in Northern Jiangxi Province with the local C.serrulata lannesiana(Carrière) Makino.The results showed that:(1) Both the introduced C.species and the local C.serrulata lannesiana(Carrière) Makino also grew and blossomed normally,and the survival rate of the six kinds of imported C.species are over 90%,except that the C.serrulata'Sirotae'(76.25%),C.serrulata 'Hisakura'(68.75%) and C.speciosa 'Yaebeni-ohshima'(86.7%) are relatively low,the C.serrulata 'Matsumae-benihigorom',C.itosakura f.ascendens,C.yedoensis 'Mikado-yoshino',C.'Yoko',and C.yedoensis 'Somei-yoshino' showed strong germination and growth potential.(2) In 2018,the flowering time of seven kinds of C.species was generally about 1 to 7 days earlier than that of 2017.The flowering period was from early March to early April.In terms of the florescence duration,the average flowering period of C.'Yoko',C.itosakura f.ascendens,and C.serrulata 'Sirotae'reached 31,29 and 27 days,which was 40.9,31.8 and 22.7 percent longer than that of local C.serrulata lannesiana(Carrière) Makino.(3) There is a certain difference in flower color,flower diameter and number of petals among different C.species.The flowers of C.serrulata 'Matsumae-benihigorom',C.'Yoko',C.serrulata 'Sirotae' and C.serrulata 'Hisakura'are larger the others,with flower diameter of 5.0,5.5,5.8 and 4.5 cm respectively.(4) On the whole,among the 12 kinds of imported C.species,the C.'Yoko' and C.itosakura f.ascendens have the strongest adaptability,and its survival rate was high,florescence duration was long,flowers and leaves were relatively larger than the other imported C.species and local C.serrulata lannesiana(Carrière) Makino,followed by 9 kinds imported C.species includ C.serrulata 'Matsumae-benihigorom'and C.serrulata 'Kokeshimidu',while the C.serrulata 'Hisakura' showed the weakest performance.
引文
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[10] LiethH.颜邦倜,译.物候学与季节性模式的建设[M].北京:科学出版社,1984:216-220.
[11]徐兆波,陈秀云,郭绍霞,等.垂枝樱花引种观察与繁育技术研究[J].莱阳农学院学报,2001,18(1):32-36.
[12]张益青,刘正先,杨曦坤,等.常德市野生樱花林开花与结实物候期研究[J].科技创新导报,2009(28):118-119.
[2]朱继军,陈必胜,黄梅,等.上海地区樱花栽培养护技术[J].现代园艺,2014(1):37-39.
[3]况红玲,王燕,黄冬,等.使樱花赏花期延长的日本引种品种的选育搭配研究[J].绿色科技,2014(10):86-88.
[4]朱继军,奉树成,陈必胜.晚樱花品种的引种与筛选[J].中国园艺文摘,2015(5):1-4.
[5]佘萍,余治家,李玉莲,等.美国红叶樱花引种试验研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2016,57(3):10-12,23.
[6]戴利燕,赖安玲,符潮,等.山樱花种子发芽试验研究[J].南方林业科学,2017,45(1):1-4,13.
[7]朱建军,李秀芬,田原,等.喜马拉雅樱花的引种及生态适应性研究[J].上海农业学报,2017,33(5):64-67.
[8]刘晓莉,赵绮,舒美英,等.樱类品种观赏性状初步研究[J].福建林业科技,2012,39(2):123-127.
[9]况红玲,王燕,王昆,等.14个日本引进樱花品种在武汉地区的生长及开花物候期观测初报[J].绿色科技,2014(7):43-45.
[10] LiethH.颜邦倜,译.物候学与季节性模式的建设[M].北京:科学出版社,1984:216-220.
[11]徐兆波,陈秀云,郭绍霞,等.垂枝樱花引种观察与繁育技术研究[J].莱阳农学院学报,2001,18(1):32-36.
[12]张益青,刘正先,杨曦坤,等.常德市野生樱花林开花与结实物候期研究[J].科技创新导报,2009(28):118-119.