2种漂浮植物对再生水水质净化能力比较
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摘要
选取2种常用水生漂浮植物凤眼莲与大薸作为研究对象,以某大型再生水厂再生水作为培养介质,研究对再生水中氮、磷的深度净化能力。实验结果表明:实验期间,凤眼莲相较于大薸,单株生物量更大,且增殖更迅速。在相同种植密度(24株/m~2)下,凤眼莲和大薸生长率分别为165,56. 8 g/(m~2·d),对TN去除率分别为96. 3%和73. 7%,去除负荷为374,286 mg/(m~2·d),大薸组对磷的去除效果优于凤眼莲组,去除率分别达到100%和94%,对磷的去除负荷分别为39,42 mg/(m~2·d);但是,实验进行10 d后,大薸出现叶片发黄、根部腐败状况,导致水体中氮、磷含量升高,而凤眼莲长势良好,去除效果能够保持。因此,对比2种植物的生长特点及对氮、磷的去除能力,优先选用凤眼莲作为再生水净化植物,如选用大薸,则应在腐败前进行打捞处理,避免腐败后氮、磷重新进入水体形成污染。
Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms and Pistia stratiotes,two kinds of common hydrophyte,were selected as research objects to study their ability to purify nitrogen and phosphorus in the reclaimed water. The results showed that:Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms had a greater biomass and rapider proliferation than Pistia stratiotes during the experiment;under the condition of the same planting density( 24 strains/m~2),the growth rates of Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms and Pistia stratiotes were respectively 165 g/( m~2·d) and 56. 8 g/( m~2·d),the removal rates of total nitrogen were 96. 3% and73. 7%,and the removal load was 374 mg/( m~2·d) and 286 mg/( m~2·d); Pistia stratiotes had a better phosphorus removal efficiency than Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms,the removal rate was 100% and 94%,respectively,the phosphorus removal load of Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms and Pistia stratiotes was respectively 39,42 mg/( m~2· d). Ten days after the experiment,Pistia stratiotes had yellow leaves and rotten roots,which resulted in the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in water,while Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms grew well,and the removal effect could be maintained. Therefore,through comparison of the growth characteristics of the two plants and their abilities to remove nitrogen and phosphorus,Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms could be preferentially selected as the purification plant of reclaimed water. If Pistia stratiotes was selected,fishing treatment should be carried out before decaying,in order to avoid the pollution caused by nitrogen and phosphorus reentering into the water body after decaying.
Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms and Pistia stratiotes,two kinds of common hydrophyte,were selected as research objects to study their ability to purify nitrogen and phosphorus in the reclaimed water. The results showed that:Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms had a greater biomass and rapider proliferation than Pistia stratiotes during the experiment;under the condition of the same planting density( 24 strains/m~2),the growth rates of Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms and Pistia stratiotes were respectively 165 g/( m~2·d) and 56. 8 g/( m~2·d),the removal rates of total nitrogen were 96. 3% and73. 7%,and the removal load was 374 mg/( m~2·d) and 286 mg/( m~2·d); Pistia stratiotes had a better phosphorus removal efficiency than Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms,the removal rate was 100% and 94%,respectively,the phosphorus removal load of Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms and Pistia stratiotes was respectively 39,42 mg/( m~2· d). Ten days after the experiment,Pistia stratiotes had yellow leaves and rotten roots,which resulted in the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in water,while Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms grew well,and the removal effect could be maintained. Therefore,through comparison of the growth characteristics of the two plants and their abilities to remove nitrogen and phosphorus,Eichhorniacrassipes( Mart.) Solms could be preferentially selected as the purification plant of reclaimed water. If Pistia stratiotes was selected,fishing treatment should be carried out before decaying,in order to avoid the pollution caused by nitrogen and phosphorus reentering into the water body after decaying.
引文
[1]金树东.2016年北京市水务工作会议报告[R].北京:北京市水务局,2016.
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[4]王坦,李昊.再生水回用于景观水体的富营养化问题和生态修复[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(3):134-137,148.
[5]吴振斌.水生植物与水体生态修复[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:89.
[6]吴湘,杨肖娥,李廷强,等.漂浮植物对富营养化景观水体的净化效果研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(5):128-132.
[7]张志勇,刘海琴,严少华,等.水葫芦去除不同富营养化水体中氮、磷能力的比较[J].江苏农业学报,2009,25(5):1039-1046.
[8]秦红杰,张志勇,刘海琴,等.两种漂浮植物的生长特性及其水质净化作用[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2470-2479.
[2]金树东.2018年度北京市水务局绩效管理工作自查报告[R].北京:北京市水务局,2018.
[3]钱靖华,田宁宁.再生水回用于景观水体存在的问题及防治对策[J].给水排水,2006,32(5):71-74.
[4]王坦,李昊.再生水回用于景观水体的富营养化问题和生态修复[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(3):134-137,148.
[5]吴振斌.水生植物与水体生态修复[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:89.
[6]吴湘,杨肖娥,李廷强,等.漂浮植物对富营养化景观水体的净化效果研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(5):128-132.
[7]张志勇,刘海琴,严少华,等.水葫芦去除不同富营养化水体中氮、磷能力的比较[J].江苏农业学报,2009,25(5):1039-1046.
[8]秦红杰,张志勇,刘海琴,等.两种漂浮植物的生长特性及其水质净化作用[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2470-2479.