于桥水库表层沉积物重金属分布特征及其与底栖动物的关系
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摘要
对重金属生态风险分布特征及其与底栖动物群落结构及多样性分布特征之间的相关关系进行分析,为于桥水库生态系统重金属污染监测与治理提供技术支持。2015年7月至2016年6月,在于桥水库内布设11个采样点,采集水下表层15 cm的沉积物样品测定Zn、Cr、Cu、Pb、As、Hg和Cd浓度,潜在生态指数法评价污染风险;采集底栖动物鉴定种类、计算生物量和多样性指数。结果表明:于桥水库表层沉积物中重金属元素平均含量大小顺序为Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>As>Hg>Cd,各重金属平均含量均低于背景值,但Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg的最高值均高于背景值;表层沉积物中重金属元素的平均潜在生态风险指数为66.13,整体处于轻微风险水平,各重金属元素的单项潜在生态风险从高到低的顺序为Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Cr>Pb>Zn;底栖动物腹足纲密度、底栖动物Shannon-Wiener指数与ECd、EHg、RI均具有明显的负相关关系;底栖动物Margalef指数与ECu、EPb、ECd具有明显的负相关关系。于桥水库内重金属元素浓度高值区主要集中于库中心、水库入口、水库出口及水库北岸,应重点加强上游引水污染物控制。
Yuqiao Reservoir is one of the most important drinking water sources of Tianjin City and its ecological environment is directly related to drinking water safety. As an integral part of the reservoir ecology, the sediment has attracted increasing attention. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Yuqiao Reservoir and its relationships with the structure and biodiversity of the macroinvertebrate community. In July and November of 2015 and April and June of 2016, seasonal monitoring of heavy metals and macroinvertebrates in Yuqiao Reservoir was carried out at 11 sites, evenly distributed in Yuqiao Reservoir. Parameters included Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, As, Hg and Cd, and macroinvertebrate species composition and biomass. Based on the monitoring data, we calculated the potential ecological risk index(RI) of heavy metals and the macroinvertebrate community biodiversity including Shannon-Wiener diversity(H), Margalef richness(d) and Pielou evenness(J) indices. The potential ecological risk index was used to evaluate the risk posed by heavy metals and correlation was used to analyze the relationship between macroinvertebrate biodiversity and the risk index. The average concentration of heavy metals in surface sediment followed the order, Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>As>Hg>Cd, and all were below the background value, indicating a low human contribution to heavy metals in the surface sediment. However, the highest concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd and Hg did exceed background values, indicating large spatial differences in heavy metal distribution. The highest index value(84.17) of the average comprehensive potential ecological risk for heavy metals occurred in June 2016 and the lowest(55.43) was in April 2016, indicating temporal differences in the distribution of heavy metals. The average value(66.13) indicates a low overall ecological risk. The potential ecological risk of the different heavy metals followed the order Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Cr>Pb>Zn, with the primary ecological risk posed by Hg, Cd and Cu. The density of Gastropoda and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H) of the macroinvertebrate community both displayed significantly negative correlations with ECd, EHg, and RI. The negative correlations of the Margalef richness index(d) with ECu, EPb, and ECd were also significant. The high heavy metal concentrations were mainly in the center, inlet, outlet and north bank of Yuqiao Reservoir and strengthening pollution control upstream of the reservoir is therefore recommended.
Yuqiao Reservoir is one of the most important drinking water sources of Tianjin City and its ecological environment is directly related to drinking water safety. As an integral part of the reservoir ecology, the sediment has attracted increasing attention. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Yuqiao Reservoir and its relationships with the structure and biodiversity of the macroinvertebrate community. In July and November of 2015 and April and June of 2016, seasonal monitoring of heavy metals and macroinvertebrates in Yuqiao Reservoir was carried out at 11 sites, evenly distributed in Yuqiao Reservoir. Parameters included Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, As, Hg and Cd, and macroinvertebrate species composition and biomass. Based on the monitoring data, we calculated the potential ecological risk index(RI) of heavy metals and the macroinvertebrate community biodiversity including Shannon-Wiener diversity(H), Margalef richness(d) and Pielou evenness(J) indices. The potential ecological risk index was used to evaluate the risk posed by heavy metals and correlation was used to analyze the relationship between macroinvertebrate biodiversity and the risk index. The average concentration of heavy metals in surface sediment followed the order, Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>As>Hg>Cd, and all were below the background value, indicating a low human contribution to heavy metals in the surface sediment. However, the highest concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd and Hg did exceed background values, indicating large spatial differences in heavy metal distribution. The highest index value(84.17) of the average comprehensive potential ecological risk for heavy metals occurred in June 2016 and the lowest(55.43) was in April 2016, indicating temporal differences in the distribution of heavy metals. The average value(66.13) indicates a low overall ecological risk. The potential ecological risk of the different heavy metals followed the order Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Cr>Pb>Zn, with the primary ecological risk posed by Hg, Cd and Cu. The density of Gastropoda and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H) of the macroinvertebrate community both displayed significantly negative correlations with ECd, EHg, and RI. The negative correlations of the Margalef richness index(d) with ECu, EPb, and ECd were also significant. The high heavy metal concentrations were mainly in the center, inlet, outlet and north bank of Yuqiao Reservoir and strengthening pollution control upstream of the reservoir is therefore recommended.
引文
陈静生,王飞越,宋吉杰,等.中国东部河流沉积物中重金属含量与沉积物主要性质的关系[J].环境化学,1996,15(1) :8-14.
范成新,朱育新,吉志军,等,2002.太湖宜溧河水系沉积物的重金属污染特征[J].湖泊科学,14( 3) :235-241.
葛宁,冯平,孙冬梅,等,2015.库区面源氮、磷污染对于桥水库水质的影响[J].南水北调与水利科技,13(3):427-433.
胡晓芳,王祖伟,宋晓旭,等,2013.于桥水库上游支流沉积物重金属含量及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,32(6):1210-1218.
韩龙,梅鹏蔚,武丹,等,2014.于桥水库浮游植物群落结构与营养特征[J].生态科学,33(5):909-914.
金丹越,黄艳菊,2004.天津于桥水库主要环境问题及其防治对策[J].环境科学研究,17(增刊):77-85.
刘俐,宋存义,熊代群,等,2006.渤海湾表层沉积物重金属在不同粒级有机-矿质复合体中的分布[J].环境科学研究,19(1):75-79.
李一蒙,马建华,刘德新,等,2015.开封城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,36(3):1037-1044.
马秀娟,2012.天津于桥水库大型底栖动物群落结构研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学.
申秋实,邵世光,保琦蓓,等,2014.典型城郊湖泊沉积物重金属生态风险评价[J].环境工程,32(10):137-141.
王秋莲,2008.集中式饮用水源地环境保护对策研究——以天津市于桥水库为例[D].天津:南开大学.
韦薇,张银龙,2011.基于“源-汇”景观调控理论的水源地面源污染控制途径——以天津市蓟县于桥水库水源保护规划为例[J].中国园林,27(2):71-77.
徐霖林,马长安,田伟,等,2011.淀山湖沉积物重金属分布特征及其与底栖动物的关系[J].环境科学学报,31(10):2223-2232.
徐良,2012.于桥水库富营养化问题数值模拟研究[D].天津:天津大学.
杨丽,蔡立哲,童玉贵,等,2005.深圳湾福田潮滩重金属含量及对大型底栖动物的影响[J].台湾海峡,24(2):157-164.
杨光,刘伟江,孙韧,等,2011.天津市于桥水库饮用水源地保护对策研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,22(6):43-49.
郑吴柯,刘宪斌,赵兴贵,2015.于桥水库浮游植物群落特征[J].中国环境监测,31(1):35-40.
张璐璐,刘静玲,James P Lassoie,等,2013.白洋淀底栖动物群落特征与重金属潜在生态风险的相关性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,32(3):612-621.
Armitage P D,Moss D,Wright J F,et al,1983.The performance of a new biological quality score system based on macroinvertebrate over a wide range of unpolluted running waters[J].Water Research,17(3):333-347.
Burton G A,2002.Sediment quality criteria in use around the world[J].Limnology,3(2):65-76.
Clearwater S J,Farag A M,Meyer J S,2002.Bioavailability and toxicity of dietborne copper and zinc to fish[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology and Pharmacology,132(3):269-313.
De Schamphelaere K A,Canli M,Van L V,et al,2004.Reproductive toxicity of dietary zinc to Daphnia magna[J].Aquatic Toxicology,70(3):233-244.
Gabriels W,Lock K,Pauw N D,et al,2010.Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index Flanders(MMIF)for biological assessment of rivers and lakes in Flanders(Belgium)[J].Limnologica,40(3):199-207.
Hakanson L,1980.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control a sediment ecological approach[J].Water Research,14(8):975-1001.
范成新,朱育新,吉志军,等,2002.太湖宜溧河水系沉积物的重金属污染特征[J].湖泊科学,14( 3) :235-241.
葛宁,冯平,孙冬梅,等,2015.库区面源氮、磷污染对于桥水库水质的影响[J].南水北调与水利科技,13(3):427-433.
胡晓芳,王祖伟,宋晓旭,等,2013.于桥水库上游支流沉积物重金属含量及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,32(6):1210-1218.
韩龙,梅鹏蔚,武丹,等,2014.于桥水库浮游植物群落结构与营养特征[J].生态科学,33(5):909-914.
金丹越,黄艳菊,2004.天津于桥水库主要环境问题及其防治对策[J].环境科学研究,17(增刊):77-85.
刘俐,宋存义,熊代群,等,2006.渤海湾表层沉积物重金属在不同粒级有机-矿质复合体中的分布[J].环境科学研究,19(1):75-79.
李一蒙,马建华,刘德新,等,2015.开封城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,36(3):1037-1044.
马秀娟,2012.天津于桥水库大型底栖动物群落结构研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学.
申秋实,邵世光,保琦蓓,等,2014.典型城郊湖泊沉积物重金属生态风险评价[J].环境工程,32(10):137-141.
王秋莲,2008.集中式饮用水源地环境保护对策研究——以天津市于桥水库为例[D].天津:南开大学.
韦薇,张银龙,2011.基于“源-汇”景观调控理论的水源地面源污染控制途径——以天津市蓟县于桥水库水源保护规划为例[J].中国园林,27(2):71-77.
徐霖林,马长安,田伟,等,2011.淀山湖沉积物重金属分布特征及其与底栖动物的关系[J].环境科学学报,31(10):2223-2232.
徐良,2012.于桥水库富营养化问题数值模拟研究[D].天津:天津大学.
杨丽,蔡立哲,童玉贵,等,2005.深圳湾福田潮滩重金属含量及对大型底栖动物的影响[J].台湾海峡,24(2):157-164.
杨光,刘伟江,孙韧,等,2011.天津市于桥水库饮用水源地保护对策研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,22(6):43-49.
郑吴柯,刘宪斌,赵兴贵,2015.于桥水库浮游植物群落特征[J].中国环境监测,31(1):35-40.
张璐璐,刘静玲,James P Lassoie,等,2013.白洋淀底栖动物群落特征与重金属潜在生态风险的相关性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,32(3):612-621.
Armitage P D,Moss D,Wright J F,et al,1983.The performance of a new biological quality score system based on macroinvertebrate over a wide range of unpolluted running waters[J].Water Research,17(3):333-347.
Burton G A,2002.Sediment quality criteria in use around the world[J].Limnology,3(2):65-76.
Clearwater S J,Farag A M,Meyer J S,2002.Bioavailability and toxicity of dietborne copper and zinc to fish[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology and Pharmacology,132(3):269-313.
De Schamphelaere K A,Canli M,Van L V,et al,2004.Reproductive toxicity of dietary zinc to Daphnia magna[J].Aquatic Toxicology,70(3):233-244.
Gabriels W,Lock K,Pauw N D,et al,2010.Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index Flanders(MMIF)for biological assessment of rivers and lakes in Flanders(Belgium)[J].Limnologica,40(3):199-207.
Hakanson L,1980.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control a sediment ecological approach[J].Water Research,14(8):975-1001.