内蒙古荒漠草原主要植物营养成分含量及消化率的月动态变化分析
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摘要
为了解内蒙古荒漠草原主要植物营养成分含量及消化率随时间的动态变化规律,以内蒙古荒漠草原4种主要植物短花针茅、克氏针茅、羊草、冷蒿为研究对象,对其生长期的粗蛋白、粗灰分、粗纤维及消化率的月份动态情况进行分析,对比同一物种不同月份间、同一月份不同物种间各营养指标的差异。结果表明,随着时间的变化,牧草的体外消化率呈现出递减趋势;粗灰分含量在不同物种之间表现出不同的变化规律;冷蒿的粗蛋白含量无明显变化,短花针茅、克氏针茅、羊草则表现为先增加后减少的趋势;粗纤维含量随着时间的推移有所升高。牧草的消化率与粗蛋白含量呈极显著正相关关系,粗灰分与粗蛋白含量存在显著正相关关系。研究结果为提高该地区荒漠草原生物资源利用效率提供了科学依据。
In this study, the monthly dynamics of crude protein, crude ash, crude fiber and digestibility of four main herbage plants, Stipa breviflora, Stipa kirschner, Leymus chinensis and Artemisia frigida, in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia were characterized. The differences in nutrient indices between different species in the same month and different months of the same species were statistically compared. The results showed that the in vitro digestibility of the four herbages was decreased with the extension of time. The crude ash content showed different changing rules among different species. While no obvious changes in crude protein content was observed in Artemisia frigida, the crude protein content of the other three plants was found to increase in initial stage and then decrease. The content of crude fibers was increased with the extension of time. The digestibility of forage was extremely significantly positively correlated with crude protein content, and the crude ash content was significantly positively correlated with crude protein content. Our results provide a scientific basis for improving the utilization efficiency of biological resources in desert steppe in this region.
In this study, the monthly dynamics of crude protein, crude ash, crude fiber and digestibility of four main herbage plants, Stipa breviflora, Stipa kirschner, Leymus chinensis and Artemisia frigida, in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia were characterized. The differences in nutrient indices between different species in the same month and different months of the same species were statistically compared. The results showed that the in vitro digestibility of the four herbages was decreased with the extension of time. The crude ash content showed different changing rules among different species. While no obvious changes in crude protein content was observed in Artemisia frigida, the crude protein content of the other three plants was found to increase in initial stage and then decrease. The content of crude fibers was increased with the extension of time. The digestibility of forage was extremely significantly positively correlated with crude protein content, and the crude ash content was significantly positively correlated with crude protein content. Our results provide a scientific basis for improving the utilization efficiency of biological resources in desert steppe in this region.
引文
[1]张均.西藏那曲市不同月份草地牧草营养价值评定及绒山羊营养补饲研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2005.
[2]卫智军,韩国栋,邢旗,等.短花针茅草原划区轮牧与自由放牧比较研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,21(4):46-49.
[3]刘艾,刘德福.我国草地生物量研究概述[J].内蒙古草业,2005(1):7-11.
[4]BALL R D,WAGNER J,POWELL R W,et al.Plant Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Rangeland Forage[M].Oklahoma:Agric Exp Sta MP,1978:60-103.
[5]谢敖云,柴沙驼,王万邦,等.高山草甸草地牧草产量及其营养变化规律[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1996,26(2):8-10.
[6]谢敖云,刘书杰,薛白,等.不同施氮量对高山草甸草地牧草产量及营养成分的影响[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1996,26(2):5-7.
[7]金花,苏楞高娃,敖特根,等.荒漠草原草地营养动态研究[J].内蒙古草业,2007,19(3):50-53.
[8]王艳芬,汪诗平.不同放牧率对内蒙古典型草原牧草地上现存量和净初级生产力及品质的影响[J].草业学报,1999,8(1):15-20.
[9]汪诗平,李永宏.放牧率和放牧时期对绵羊排粪量、采食量和干物质消化率关系的影响[J].动物营养学报,1997,9(1):47-54.
[10]董全民,赵新全,马玉寿,等.牦牛放牧率对江河源区混播禾草地上初级生产量及种间竞争力的影响[J].中国草地,2005,27(2):1-8.
[11]董全民,赵新全,马玉寿,等.不同牦牛放牧率下江河源区垂穗披碱草/星星草混播草地第一性生产力及其动态变化[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(3):5-15.
[12]刘晓娟,杨昌祥,丁丹,等.牛羊混合放牧对荒漠草原植物群落特征的影响[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(3):87-91.
[13]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1993:6-63.
[14]梁建勇,焦婷,吴建平,等.不同类型草地牧草消化率季节动态与营养品质的关系研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(6):108-115.
[15]李瑜鑫,王建洲,李龙,等.不同季节藏北高寒牧区放牧藏绵羊采食与消化率的研究[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(5):41-45.
[16]刘芳,韩国栋,王忠武,等.载畜率对短花针茅荒漠草原不同季节植物营养成分的影响[J].草原与草业,2015,27(2):40-44.
[17]韩建国.河北北部低山丘陵区主要草地类型、牧草产量及营养物质动态[J].草业科学,1993,10(4):39-41.
[18]ALLEN M S.Physical constraints on voluntary intake of forages by ruminant[J].Journal of Animal Science,1996(74):3063-3075.
[19]乌依勒斯,乌鲁木山·布仁巴依尔,谢静,等.不同放牧强度对家畜生产性能与牧草干物质体外消化率的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2013,34(1):4-7.
[20]乌鲁木山·布仁巴依尔,敖特根,乌依勒斯,等.不同放牧强度和时期对内蒙古克氏针茅草原牧草养分含量的影响[J].草业与畜牧,2013(1):5-9.
[21]殷国梅,边继武,张园园,等.不同放牧率下冷蒿生物量对蒸散的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2018,39(1):29-32.
[22]杨持,宝音陶格涛,李良.冷蒿种群在不同放牧强度胁迫下构件的变化规律[J].生态学报,2001,21(3):405-408.
[23]庞亚娟.退化草地牧草营养与土壤特性的相关关系研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.
[2]卫智军,韩国栋,邢旗,等.短花针茅草原划区轮牧与自由放牧比较研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,21(4):46-49.
[3]刘艾,刘德福.我国草地生物量研究概述[J].内蒙古草业,2005(1):7-11.
[4]BALL R D,WAGNER J,POWELL R W,et al.Plant Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Rangeland Forage[M].Oklahoma:Agric Exp Sta MP,1978:60-103.
[5]谢敖云,柴沙驼,王万邦,等.高山草甸草地牧草产量及其营养变化规律[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1996,26(2):8-10.
[6]谢敖云,刘书杰,薛白,等.不同施氮量对高山草甸草地牧草产量及营养成分的影响[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1996,26(2):5-7.
[7]金花,苏楞高娃,敖特根,等.荒漠草原草地营养动态研究[J].内蒙古草业,2007,19(3):50-53.
[8]王艳芬,汪诗平.不同放牧率对内蒙古典型草原牧草地上现存量和净初级生产力及品质的影响[J].草业学报,1999,8(1):15-20.
[9]汪诗平,李永宏.放牧率和放牧时期对绵羊排粪量、采食量和干物质消化率关系的影响[J].动物营养学报,1997,9(1):47-54.
[10]董全民,赵新全,马玉寿,等.牦牛放牧率对江河源区混播禾草地上初级生产量及种间竞争力的影响[J].中国草地,2005,27(2):1-8.
[11]董全民,赵新全,马玉寿,等.不同牦牛放牧率下江河源区垂穗披碱草/星星草混播草地第一性生产力及其动态变化[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(3):5-15.
[12]刘晓娟,杨昌祥,丁丹,等.牛羊混合放牧对荒漠草原植物群落特征的影响[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(3):87-91.
[13]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1993:6-63.
[14]梁建勇,焦婷,吴建平,等.不同类型草地牧草消化率季节动态与营养品质的关系研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(6):108-115.
[15]李瑜鑫,王建洲,李龙,等.不同季节藏北高寒牧区放牧藏绵羊采食与消化率的研究[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(5):41-45.
[16]刘芳,韩国栋,王忠武,等.载畜率对短花针茅荒漠草原不同季节植物营养成分的影响[J].草原与草业,2015,27(2):40-44.
[17]韩建国.河北北部低山丘陵区主要草地类型、牧草产量及营养物质动态[J].草业科学,1993,10(4):39-41.
[18]ALLEN M S.Physical constraints on voluntary intake of forages by ruminant[J].Journal of Animal Science,1996(74):3063-3075.
[19]乌依勒斯,乌鲁木山·布仁巴依尔,谢静,等.不同放牧强度对家畜生产性能与牧草干物质体外消化率的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2013,34(1):4-7.
[20]乌鲁木山·布仁巴依尔,敖特根,乌依勒斯,等.不同放牧强度和时期对内蒙古克氏针茅草原牧草养分含量的影响[J].草业与畜牧,2013(1):5-9.
[21]殷国梅,边继武,张园园,等.不同放牧率下冷蒿生物量对蒸散的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2018,39(1):29-32.
[22]杨持,宝音陶格涛,李良.冷蒿种群在不同放牧强度胁迫下构件的变化规律[J].生态学报,2001,21(3):405-408.
[23]庞亚娟.退化草地牧草营养与土壤特性的相关关系研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.