不同滨岸带土壤反硝化潜力及影响因子
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摘要
以太湖西部3个中小流域为研究区,于2017年7月15日—20日,采集各流域内3种典型滨岸带表层(0—20 cm)土壤,测定土壤理化性质和反硝化潜力,探讨不同流域滨岸带土壤反硝化潜力的差异和变化规律,并确定土壤反硝化潜力的主要影响因子.研究结果表明,各流域土壤反硝化潜力存在明显差异,天目湖流域、合溪流域和苕溪流域土壤反硝化潜力分别为0.294±0.226 (μg N (N_2O)·(g·h)~(-1))、0.542±0.327 (μg N (N_2O)·(g·h)~(-1))和0.821±0.494 (μg N (N_2O)·(g·h)~(-1)),总体表现为城镇化程度越高,土壤反硝化潜力越大.在相同流域内,林地滨岸带土壤反硝化潜力最大,其次为草地滨岸带和荒地滨岸带.相关分析结果表明,土壤反硝化潜力与土壤含水率、硝态氮含量、有机质含量和微生物碳含量都显著正相关(n=54,P<0.01).结合回归分析,表明土壤含水率、硝态氮含量和微生物量碳含量是苕溪流域滨岸带土壤反硝化潜力的主要影响因子;土壤有机质含量和硝态氮含量分别是合溪和天目湖流域滨岸带土壤反硝化潜力的主要影响因子.综上,滨岸带土壤反硝化潜力与人类活动强弱有密切联系,其主要影响因子在不同城镇化背景下的流域间也各不相同.
Three medium and small watersheds located in the western part of Taihu River were selected as the research areas, where 3 typical riparian zone surface(0—20 cm) soils were collected between July 15 to 20, 2017 respectively. The soil physicochemical properties and denitrification potentials were mearsured, the differences and variation patterns of soil denitrification potentials in different riparian zones were discussed, and the main factors influencing soil denitrification potentials were determined. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil denitrification potential in each watershed, and the soil denitrification potential was 0.294±0.226(μg N(N_2O)·(g·h)~(-1)), 0.542±0.327(μg N(N_2O)·(g·h)~(-1)) and 0.821±0.494(μg N(N_2O)·(g·h)~(-1)) in the Tianmuhu watershed, the Hexi watershed and the Tiaoxi watershed, respectively. Overall, it was shown that the higher the degree of urbanization, the greater the soil denitrification potential. In the same watershed, the soil denitrification potential of woodland was the highest, followed by the grassland and the bareland. The correlation analysis suggested that the soil denitrification potential was positively correlated with physical and chemical properties of soil(n=54, P<0.01), including soil moisture content, nitrate nitrogen concentration, organic matter content and microbial carbon contents. Meanwhile, combined with regression analysis, it was found that soil moisture, nitrate-nitrogen concentration, and microbial biomass carbon concentration were the dominant factors influencing the riparian soil denitrification potential in the Tiaoxi watershed. The soil denitrification potentials of the Hexi watershed and the Tianmuhu watershed were primarily related to soil organic matter and nitrate-nitrogen concentration, respectively. In conclusion, the potential of soil denitrification in the riparian zone was closely related to intensity of human activities, and the main influencing factors were also different among the three watersheds.
Three medium and small watersheds located in the western part of Taihu River were selected as the research areas, where 3 typical riparian zone surface(0—20 cm) soils were collected between July 15 to 20, 2017 respectively. The soil physicochemical properties and denitrification potentials were mearsured, the differences and variation patterns of soil denitrification potentials in different riparian zones were discussed, and the main factors influencing soil denitrification potentials were determined. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil denitrification potential in each watershed, and the soil denitrification potential was 0.294±0.226(μg N(N_2O)·(g·h)~(-1)), 0.542±0.327(μg N(N_2O)·(g·h)~(-1)) and 0.821±0.494(μg N(N_2O)·(g·h)~(-1)) in the Tianmuhu watershed, the Hexi watershed and the Tiaoxi watershed, respectively. Overall, it was shown that the higher the degree of urbanization, the greater the soil denitrification potential. In the same watershed, the soil denitrification potential of woodland was the highest, followed by the grassland and the bareland. The correlation analysis suggested that the soil denitrification potential was positively correlated with physical and chemical properties of soil(n=54, P<0.01), including soil moisture content, nitrate nitrogen concentration, organic matter content and microbial carbon contents. Meanwhile, combined with regression analysis, it was found that soil moisture, nitrate-nitrogen concentration, and microbial biomass carbon concentration were the dominant factors influencing the riparian soil denitrification potential in the Tiaoxi watershed. The soil denitrification potentials of the Hexi watershed and the Tianmuhu watershed were primarily related to soil organic matter and nitrate-nitrogen concentration, respectively. In conclusion, the potential of soil denitrification in the riparian zone was closely related to intensity of human activities, and the main influencing factors were also different among the three watersheds.
引文
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[24] 夏品华,喻理飞,林陶,等.基于土壤氮磷积累的草海流域面源污染优先控制区识别[J].环境化学,2015,34(9):1761-1763.XIA P H,YU L F,LIN T,et al.Identification of priority control area of non-point source pollution in caohai basin based on soil nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(9):1761-1763(in Chinese).
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[28] REIJONEN I,METZLER M,HARTIKAINEN H.Impact of soil pH and organic matter on the chemical bioavailability of vanadium species:The underlying basis for risk assessment[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,210:371-379.
[29] HERNANDEZ M E,MITSCH W J.Denitrification potential and organic matter as affected by vegetation community,wetland age,and plant introduction in created wetlands[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2007,36(1):333-342.
[30] BURGIN A J,GROFFMAN P M,LEWIS D N.Factors regulating denitrification in a riparian wetland[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2010,74(5):1826-1833.
[31] MCPHILLIPS L E,GROFFMAN P M,GOODALE C L,et al.Hydrologic and biogeochemical drivers of riparian denitrification in an agricultural watershed[J].Water,Air,& Soil Pollution,2015,226(6):169.doi:10.1007/s11270-015-2434-2.
[32] LIU W,LIU G,ZHANG Q.Influence of vegetation characteristics on soil denitrification in shoreline wetlands of the Danjiangkou Reservoir in China[J].Clean-Soil,Air,Water,2011,39(2):109-115.
[2] ZHANG Z,CHEN Y,WANG P,et al.River discharge,land use change,and surface water quality in the Xiangjiang River,China[J].Hydrological Processes,2014,28(13):4130-4140.
[3] MAYER P M,REYNOLDS S K,MCCUTCHEN M D,et al.Meta-analysis of nitrogen removal in riparian buffers[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2007,36(4):1172-1180.
[4] KREILING R M,RICHARDSON W B,CAVANAUGH J C,et al.Summer nitrate uptake and denitrification in an upper Mississippi River backwater lake:The role of rooted aquatic vegetation[J].Biogeochemistry,2011,104(1-3):309-324.
[5] BETTEZ N D,GROFFMAN P M.Denitrification potential in stormwater control structures and natural riparian zones in an urban landscape[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2012,46(20):10909-10917.
[6] KHALIL M,BAGGS E.Soil water-filled pore space affects the interaction between CH4 oxidation,nitrification and N2O emissions [J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2005,37(4):1785-1794.
[7] LI Y,CHEN Z,LOU H,et al.Denitrification controls in urban riparian soils:Implications for reducing urban nonpoint source nitrogen pollution[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21(17):10174-10185.
[8] LIU W,XIONG Z,LIU H,et al.Catchment agriculture and local environment affecting the soil denitrification potential and nitrous oxide production of riparian zones in the Han River Basin,China[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2016,216:147-154.
[9] 李新,焦锋.苏南地区城镇化对水环境的胁迫效应[J].环境保护科学,2005,31(6):4-7.LI X,JIAO F.Menace to water quality during the process of urbanization in Southern Jiangsu of China[J].Environmental Protection Science,2005,31(6):4-7(in Chinese).
[10] 苏伟忠,陈维肖,郭葳,等.太湖流域城乡用地扩张对河网的空间占用机制初探[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(8):1289-1301.SU W Z,CHEN W X,GUO W,et al.The occupation of river network by urban-rural land expansion in Taihu Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(8):1289-1301(in Chinese).
[11] 李双成,赵志强,王仰麟.中国城市化过程及其资源与生态环境效应机制[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(1):63-70.LI S C,ZHAO Z Q,WANG Y L.Urbanization process and effects of natural resource and environment in China:Research trends and future directions[J].Progress in Geography,2009,28(1):63-70(in Chinese).
[12] 常州市统计局.2016常州统计年鉴[J].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.Changzhou Bureau of Statistics.Changzhou statistical yearbook 2016[J].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2016(in Chinese).
[13] 湖州市统计局.2016常州统计年鉴[J].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.Huzhou Bureau of Statistics.Huzhou statistical yearbook 2016[J].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2016(in Chinese).
[14] FELBER R,CONEN F,FLECHARD C R,et al.Theoretical and practical limitations of the acetylene inhibition technique to determine total denitrification losses[J].Biogeosciences,2012,9(10):4125-4138.
[15] FINDLAY S E G,MULHOLLAND P J,HAMILTON S K,et al.Cross-stream comparison of substrate-specific denitrification potential[J].Biogeochemistry,2011,104(1-3):381-392.
[16] DHONDT K,BOECKX P,HOFMAN G,et al.Temporal and spatial patterns of denitrification enzyme activity and nitrous oxide fluxes in three adjacent vegetated riparian buffer zones[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2004,40(4):243-251.
[17] 宫兆宁,李洪,阿多,等.官厅水库消落带土壤有机质空间分布特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):8336-8347.GONG Z N,LI H,A D,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of organic matter in the water level fluctuation zone of Guanting Reservoir[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(24):8336-8347(in Chinese).
[18] HALE R L,GROFFMAN P M.Chloride effects on nitrogen dynamics in forested and suburban stream debris dams[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2006,35(6):2425-2432.
[19] XIONG Z,LI S,YAO L,et al.Topography and land use effects on spatial variability of soil denitrification and related soil properties in riparian wetlands[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,83:437-443.
[20] WANG S,CAO Z,LI X,et al.Spatial-seasonal variation of soil denitrification under three riparian vegetation types around the Dianchi Lake in Yunnan,China[J].Environmental Science:Processes & Impacts,2013,15(5):963-971.
[21] KAYE J P,GROFFMAN P M,GRIMM N B,et al.A distinct urban biogeochemistry?[J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution,2006,21(4):192-199.
[22] SCHULTZ J A M.Urban wet deposition nitrate:a comparison to non-urban deposition[J].Water,Air,& Soil Pollution,1994,73(1):83-93.
[23] TEMPLER P H,MCCANN T M.Effects of the hemlock woolly adelgid on nitrogen losses from urban and rural northern forest ecosystems[J].Ecosystems,2010,13(8):1215-1226.
[24] 夏品华,喻理飞,林陶,等.基于土壤氮磷积累的草海流域面源污染优先控制区识别[J].环境化学,2015,34(9):1761-1763.XIA P H,YU L F,LIN T,et al.Identification of priority control area of non-point source pollution in caohai basin based on soil nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(9):1761-1763(in Chinese).
[25] GROFFMAN P M,DORSEY A M,MAYER P M.N processing within geomorphic structures in urban streams[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,2005,24(3):613-625.
[26] KACHENCHART B,JONES D L,GAJASENI N,et al.Seasonal nitrous oxide emissions from different land uses and their controlling factors in a tropical riparian ecosystem[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2012,158:15-30.
[27] WATERS E R,MORSE J L,BETTEZ N D,et al.Differential carbon and nitrogen controls of denitrification in riparian zones and streams along an urban to exurban gradient[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2014,43(3):955-963.
[28] REIJONEN I,METZLER M,HARTIKAINEN H.Impact of soil pH and organic matter on the chemical bioavailability of vanadium species:The underlying basis for risk assessment[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,210:371-379.
[29] HERNANDEZ M E,MITSCH W J.Denitrification potential and organic matter as affected by vegetation community,wetland age,and plant introduction in created wetlands[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2007,36(1):333-342.
[30] BURGIN A J,GROFFMAN P M,LEWIS D N.Factors regulating denitrification in a riparian wetland[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2010,74(5):1826-1833.
[31] MCPHILLIPS L E,GROFFMAN P M,GOODALE C L,et al.Hydrologic and biogeochemical drivers of riparian denitrification in an agricultural watershed[J].Water,Air,& Soil Pollution,2015,226(6):169.doi:10.1007/s11270-015-2434-2.
[32] LIU W,LIU G,ZHANG Q.Influence of vegetation characteristics on soil denitrification in shoreline wetlands of the Danjiangkou Reservoir in China[J].Clean-Soil,Air,Water,2011,39(2):109-115.