饮用水氟污染控制原理与技术
|
摘要
天然地球化学过程导致全球范围内广泛存在地下水氟污染,饮用水氟超标人口达5亿.控制以高氟地下水为饮用水源的氟污染及其健康风险,成为饮用水质安全保障的核心问题之一.全世界在饮用水除氟方面做了大量努力,但成效十分有限.在此背景下,深刻认识氟污染形成机制与地球化学特征,结合地理信息、遥感等手段预测区域风险水平,优先考虑"更换水源",仍是饮用水氟污染控制的重要策略.此外,在研究层面上,应以净水药剂、环境功能材料创新为基础,以混凝沉淀、吸附、膜分离为重要技术方向,开发适用于发展中国家或欠发达地区的高效、经济、方便、稳定的除氟关键技术和成套设备;在工程应用层面上,应加强饮用水除氟设施设计、建设、运行与监管,确保设施长期稳定运行,实现工程效益.
Long-term natural geochemical processes result in wide occurrence of fluoride contamination in underground water and fluoride exposure via drinking water for over 500 million people globally. The control of fluoride pollution and fluorosis is one of the most important issues for drinking water safety. In the past several decades,many initiatives failed in defluoridation of water. Better understanding of fluoride occurrence mechanisms in underground water chemistry and the prediction of high-risk areas by geographic information and remote sensing are of crucial importance to minimize fluorosis occurrence. The use of alternative source water or blending should be considered as priority option. Much efforts should be devoted to the fundamental studies on defluoridation reagents and innovative materials,and to the development of highly-efficient,economic,easy-to-handle and stable technologies and integrated instruments. Furthermore,the design,construction,operation,and supervision of defluoridation facilities should be carefully evaluated and strengthened to achieve stable benefits as much as possible.
Long-term natural geochemical processes result in wide occurrence of fluoride contamination in underground water and fluoride exposure via drinking water for over 500 million people globally. The control of fluoride pollution and fluorosis is one of the most important issues for drinking water safety. In the past several decades,many initiatives failed in defluoridation of water. Better understanding of fluoride occurrence mechanisms in underground water chemistry and the prediction of high-risk areas by geographic information and remote sensing are of crucial importance to minimize fluorosis occurrence. The use of alternative source water or blending should be considered as priority option. Much efforts should be devoted to the fundamental studies on defluoridation reagents and innovative materials,and to the development of highly-efficient,economic,easy-to-handle and stable technologies and integrated instruments. Furthermore,the design,construction,operation,and supervision of defluoridation facilities should be carefully evaluated and strengthened to achieve stable benefits as much as possible.
引文
[1]Wang SX,Wang ZH,Cheng XT,et al.Arsenic and fluoride exposure in drinking water:Children’s IQ and growth in Shanyin County,Shanxi Province,China.Environmental Health Perspectives,2007,115:643-647
[2]Jadhav SV,Bringas E,Yadav GD,et al.Arsenic and fluoride contaminated groundwaters:A review of current technologies for contaminants removal.Journal of Environment Management,2015,162:306-325
[3]Li L-X(李连香).Applicability and responses Mechanisms on Defluoridation Effect under Different Hydrochemical Characters of Porous Aluminum and Magnesium Oxide.PhD Thesis.Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2015(in Chinese)
[4]Schwarzenbach RP,Escher BI,Fenner K,et al.The challenge of micropollutants in aquatic systems.Science,2006,313:1072-1077
[5]Rodríguez-Lado L,Sun G,Berg M,et al.Groundwater arsenic contamination throughout China.Science,2013,341:866-868
[6]Ren F-H(任福弘),Zeng J-H(曾剑辉),Liu W-S(刘文生),et al.Hydrogeochemical environment of high fluorine groundwater and the relation between the speciation of fluorine and the diseased ratio of endemic fluorosis:A case study of the North China Plain.Acta Geoscientica Sinica(地球学报),1996,17(1):85-97(in Chinese)
[7]Bailey K,Chilton J,Dahi E,et al.Fluoride in Drinking-water.London,UK:WHO,2006
[8]Dahi E,Mtalo F,Njau B,et al.Defluoridation using the Nalgonda technique in Tanzania.T India,New Delhi:the 22nd WEDC Conference,New Delhi,India,1996
[9]Holt PK,Barton GW,Wark M,et al.A quantitative comparison between chemical dosing and electrocoagulation.Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2002,211:233-248
[10]Zhao X,Zhang BF,Liu HJ,et al.Simultaneous removal of arsenite and fluoride via an integrated electrooxidation and electrocoagulation process.Chemosphere,2011,83:726-729
[11]Sandoval MA,Fuentes R,Nava JL,et al.Simultaneous removal of fluoride and arsenic from groundwater by electrocoagulation using a filter-press flow reactor with a three-cell stack.Separation and Purification Technology,2019,208:208-216
[12]Dhadge VL,Medhi CR,Changmai M,et al.House hold unit for the treatment of fluoride,iron,arsenic and microorganism contaminated drinking water.Chemosphere,2018,199:728-736
[13]Hashim KS,Shaw A,Al Khaddar R,et al.Defluoridation of drinking water using a new flow column-electrocoagulation reactor(FCER):Experimental,statistical,and economic approach.Journal of Environment Management,2017,197:80-88
[14]Chigondo M,Paumo HK,Bhaumik M.Hydrous Ce O2-Fe3O4decorated polyaniline fibers nanocomposite for effective defluoridation of drinking water.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2018,532:500-516
[15]Zhao H,Liu HJ,Qu JH,et al.Effect of p H on the aluminum salts hydrolysis during coagulation process:Formation and decomposition of polymeric aluminum species.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2009,330:105-112
[16]He Z,Lan HC,Gong WX,et al.Coagulation behaviors of aluminum salts towards fluoride:Significance of aluminum speciation and transformation.Separation and Purification Technology,2016,165:137-144
[17]Dubey S,Agarwal M,Gupta AB.Experimental investigation of Al-F species formation and transformation during coagulation for fluoride removal using alum and PACl.Journal of Molecular Liquids,2018,266:349-360
[18]Wang X,Zhang G,Fu XN,et al.Substitution,aggregation,and dissociation of aqueous Al13in the presence of fluoride.Environmental Science and Technology,2017,51:6279-6287
[19]Abtahi M,Koolivand A,Dobaradaran S,et al.Defluoridation of synthetic and natural waters by polyaluminum chloride-chitosan(PACl-Ch)composite coagulant.Water Science and Technology:Water Supply,2018,18:259-269
[20]Changmai M,Pasawan M,Purkait MK.A hybrid method for the removal of fluoride from drinking water:Parametric study and cost estimation.Separation and Purification Technology,2018,206:140-148
[21]Corral-Capulin NG,Vilchis-Nestor AR,GutierrezSegura E,et al.The influence of chemical and thermal treatments on the fluoride removal from water by three mineral structures and their characterization.Journal of Fluorine Chemistry,2018,213:42-50
[22]Etawi H,Al-Rawajfeh AE,Al-Ma’abreh A,et al.Efficiency and mechanism of water defluoridation by mixtures of Jordanian Zeolite,Pozzolana,Feldspar,and Tripoli.Desalination and Water Treatment,2018,125:75-80
[23]Aurora RG,Vanesa SM,Carlos NMJ,et al.Chromium and fluoride sorption/desorption on unamended and waste-amended forest and vineyard soils and pyritic material.Journal of Environmental Management,2018,222:3-11
[24]Ghosal PS,Gupta AK.Thermodynamics of fluoride adsorption on aluminum/Olivine composite(AOC):Influence of temperature on isotherm,kinetics,and adsorption mechanism.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,2018,229:344,doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-4003-y
[25]Saikia J,Sarmah S,Saikia P,et al.Harmful weed to prospective adsorbent:Low-temperature-carbonized Ipomoea carnea stem carbon coated with aluminum oxyhydroxide nanoparticles for defluoridation.Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2018,doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3572-z
[26]Ramos-Vargas S,Alfaro-Cuevas-Villanueva R,HuiracheAcu1a R,et al.Removal of fluoride and arsenate from aqueous solutions by aluminum-modified Guava seeds.Applied Sciences,2018,8:1807,doi.org/10.3390/app8101807
[27]Aghapour AA,Khorsandi H,Dehghani A,et al.Preparation and characterization and application of activated alumina(AA)from alum sludge for the adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solutions:New approach to alum sludge recycling.Water Science and Technology:Water Supply,2018,18:1825-1831
[28]Tan G-X(谭冈训),Li M(李满),Wu D-J(武道吉),et al.Design and operation of the defluoridation drinking water plant in Wucheng County.Water and Wastewater Engineering(给水排水),2008,34:25-27(in Chinese)
[29]Gong WX,Qu JH,Liu RP,et al.Adsorption of fluoride onto different types of aluminas.Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,189/190:126-133
[30]Wu X,Zhang Y,Dou X,et al.Fluoride removal performance of a novel Fe-Al-Ce trimetal oxide adsorbent.Chemosphere,2007,69:1758-1764
[31]Zhang XL,Zhang L,Li ZX.Rational design of antifouling polymeric nanocomposite for sustainable fluoride removal from NOM-rich water.Environmental Science and Technology,2017,51:13363-13371
[32]Cai JG,Zhang YY,Qian Y,et al.Enhanced defluoridation using novel millisphere nanocomposite of La-doped Li-Al layered double hydroxides supported by polymeric anion exchanger.Scientific Reports,2018,8:11741
[33]Wang X,Zhang G,Lan HC,et al.Preparation of hollow Fe-Al binary metal oxyhydroxide for efficient aqueous fluoride removal.Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2017,520:580-589
[34]Ghosal PS,Gupta AK.Bi-objective optimization through Pareto Frontier analysis and artificial neural network for adsorptive removal of fluoride by a novel Al/Olivine composite.Journal of Environment Engineering,2018,144:04018126
[35]Isaac OA,Shen JJ,Schaefer AI.Renewable energy powered membrane technology:Impact of p H and ionic strength on fluoride and natural organic matter removal.Science of the Total Environment,2018,621:138-147
[36]Liu H,Wang H,Zhang X.Facile fabrication of freestanding ultrathin reduced graphene oxide membranes for water purification.Advanced Materials,2015,27:249-254
[37]Dulneva TY,Deremeshko LA,Kucheruk DD,et al.Defluorination of water by modified ceramic membranes from clayey minerals.Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology,2017,39:263-267
[38]Karmakar S,Bhattacharjee S,De S.Aluminium fumarate metal organic framework incorporated polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membranes:Spinning,characterization and application in fluoride removal from groundwater.Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,334:41-53
[39]Pan JF,Zheng Y,Ding JC,et al.Fluoride removal from water by membrane capacitive deionization with a monovalent anion selective membrane.Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2018,57:7048-7053
[40]Ayala LIM,Paquet M,Janowska K,et al.Water defluoridation:Nanofiltration vs membrane distillation.Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2018,57:14740-14748
[2]Jadhav SV,Bringas E,Yadav GD,et al.Arsenic and fluoride contaminated groundwaters:A review of current technologies for contaminants removal.Journal of Environment Management,2015,162:306-325
[3]Li L-X(李连香).Applicability and responses Mechanisms on Defluoridation Effect under Different Hydrochemical Characters of Porous Aluminum and Magnesium Oxide.PhD Thesis.Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2015(in Chinese)
[4]Schwarzenbach RP,Escher BI,Fenner K,et al.The challenge of micropollutants in aquatic systems.Science,2006,313:1072-1077
[5]Rodríguez-Lado L,Sun G,Berg M,et al.Groundwater arsenic contamination throughout China.Science,2013,341:866-868
[6]Ren F-H(任福弘),Zeng J-H(曾剑辉),Liu W-S(刘文生),et al.Hydrogeochemical environment of high fluorine groundwater and the relation between the speciation of fluorine and the diseased ratio of endemic fluorosis:A case study of the North China Plain.Acta Geoscientica Sinica(地球学报),1996,17(1):85-97(in Chinese)
[7]Bailey K,Chilton J,Dahi E,et al.Fluoride in Drinking-water.London,UK:WHO,2006
[8]Dahi E,Mtalo F,Njau B,et al.Defluoridation using the Nalgonda technique in Tanzania.T India,New Delhi:the 22nd WEDC Conference,New Delhi,India,1996
[9]Holt PK,Barton GW,Wark M,et al.A quantitative comparison between chemical dosing and electrocoagulation.Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2002,211:233-248
[10]Zhao X,Zhang BF,Liu HJ,et al.Simultaneous removal of arsenite and fluoride via an integrated electrooxidation and electrocoagulation process.Chemosphere,2011,83:726-729
[11]Sandoval MA,Fuentes R,Nava JL,et al.Simultaneous removal of fluoride and arsenic from groundwater by electrocoagulation using a filter-press flow reactor with a three-cell stack.Separation and Purification Technology,2019,208:208-216
[12]Dhadge VL,Medhi CR,Changmai M,et al.House hold unit for the treatment of fluoride,iron,arsenic and microorganism contaminated drinking water.Chemosphere,2018,199:728-736
[13]Hashim KS,Shaw A,Al Khaddar R,et al.Defluoridation of drinking water using a new flow column-electrocoagulation reactor(FCER):Experimental,statistical,and economic approach.Journal of Environment Management,2017,197:80-88
[14]Chigondo M,Paumo HK,Bhaumik M.Hydrous Ce O2-Fe3O4decorated polyaniline fibers nanocomposite for effective defluoridation of drinking water.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2018,532:500-516
[15]Zhao H,Liu HJ,Qu JH,et al.Effect of p H on the aluminum salts hydrolysis during coagulation process:Formation and decomposition of polymeric aluminum species.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2009,330:105-112
[16]He Z,Lan HC,Gong WX,et al.Coagulation behaviors of aluminum salts towards fluoride:Significance of aluminum speciation and transformation.Separation and Purification Technology,2016,165:137-144
[17]Dubey S,Agarwal M,Gupta AB.Experimental investigation of Al-F species formation and transformation during coagulation for fluoride removal using alum and PACl.Journal of Molecular Liquids,2018,266:349-360
[18]Wang X,Zhang G,Fu XN,et al.Substitution,aggregation,and dissociation of aqueous Al13in the presence of fluoride.Environmental Science and Technology,2017,51:6279-6287
[19]Abtahi M,Koolivand A,Dobaradaran S,et al.Defluoridation of synthetic and natural waters by polyaluminum chloride-chitosan(PACl-Ch)composite coagulant.Water Science and Technology:Water Supply,2018,18:259-269
[20]Changmai M,Pasawan M,Purkait MK.A hybrid method for the removal of fluoride from drinking water:Parametric study and cost estimation.Separation and Purification Technology,2018,206:140-148
[21]Corral-Capulin NG,Vilchis-Nestor AR,GutierrezSegura E,et al.The influence of chemical and thermal treatments on the fluoride removal from water by three mineral structures and their characterization.Journal of Fluorine Chemistry,2018,213:42-50
[22]Etawi H,Al-Rawajfeh AE,Al-Ma’abreh A,et al.Efficiency and mechanism of water defluoridation by mixtures of Jordanian Zeolite,Pozzolana,Feldspar,and Tripoli.Desalination and Water Treatment,2018,125:75-80
[23]Aurora RG,Vanesa SM,Carlos NMJ,et al.Chromium and fluoride sorption/desorption on unamended and waste-amended forest and vineyard soils and pyritic material.Journal of Environmental Management,2018,222:3-11
[24]Ghosal PS,Gupta AK.Thermodynamics of fluoride adsorption on aluminum/Olivine composite(AOC):Influence of temperature on isotherm,kinetics,and adsorption mechanism.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,2018,229:344,doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-4003-y
[25]Saikia J,Sarmah S,Saikia P,et al.Harmful weed to prospective adsorbent:Low-temperature-carbonized Ipomoea carnea stem carbon coated with aluminum oxyhydroxide nanoparticles for defluoridation.Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2018,doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3572-z
[26]Ramos-Vargas S,Alfaro-Cuevas-Villanueva R,HuiracheAcu1a R,et al.Removal of fluoride and arsenate from aqueous solutions by aluminum-modified Guava seeds.Applied Sciences,2018,8:1807,doi.org/10.3390/app8101807
[27]Aghapour AA,Khorsandi H,Dehghani A,et al.Preparation and characterization and application of activated alumina(AA)from alum sludge for the adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solutions:New approach to alum sludge recycling.Water Science and Technology:Water Supply,2018,18:1825-1831
[28]Tan G-X(谭冈训),Li M(李满),Wu D-J(武道吉),et al.Design and operation of the defluoridation drinking water plant in Wucheng County.Water and Wastewater Engineering(给水排水),2008,34:25-27(in Chinese)
[29]Gong WX,Qu JH,Liu RP,et al.Adsorption of fluoride onto different types of aluminas.Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,189/190:126-133
[30]Wu X,Zhang Y,Dou X,et al.Fluoride removal performance of a novel Fe-Al-Ce trimetal oxide adsorbent.Chemosphere,2007,69:1758-1764
[31]Zhang XL,Zhang L,Li ZX.Rational design of antifouling polymeric nanocomposite for sustainable fluoride removal from NOM-rich water.Environmental Science and Technology,2017,51:13363-13371
[32]Cai JG,Zhang YY,Qian Y,et al.Enhanced defluoridation using novel millisphere nanocomposite of La-doped Li-Al layered double hydroxides supported by polymeric anion exchanger.Scientific Reports,2018,8:11741
[33]Wang X,Zhang G,Lan HC,et al.Preparation of hollow Fe-Al binary metal oxyhydroxide for efficient aqueous fluoride removal.Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2017,520:580-589
[34]Ghosal PS,Gupta AK.Bi-objective optimization through Pareto Frontier analysis and artificial neural network for adsorptive removal of fluoride by a novel Al/Olivine composite.Journal of Environment Engineering,2018,144:04018126
[35]Isaac OA,Shen JJ,Schaefer AI.Renewable energy powered membrane technology:Impact of p H and ionic strength on fluoride and natural organic matter removal.Science of the Total Environment,2018,621:138-147
[36]Liu H,Wang H,Zhang X.Facile fabrication of freestanding ultrathin reduced graphene oxide membranes for water purification.Advanced Materials,2015,27:249-254
[37]Dulneva TY,Deremeshko LA,Kucheruk DD,et al.Defluorination of water by modified ceramic membranes from clayey minerals.Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology,2017,39:263-267
[38]Karmakar S,Bhattacharjee S,De S.Aluminium fumarate metal organic framework incorporated polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membranes:Spinning,characterization and application in fluoride removal from groundwater.Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,334:41-53
[39]Pan JF,Zheng Y,Ding JC,et al.Fluoride removal from water by membrane capacitive deionization with a monovalent anion selective membrane.Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2018,57:7048-7053
[40]Ayala LIM,Paquet M,Janowska K,et al.Water defluoridation:Nanofiltration vs membrane distillation.Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2018,57:14740-14748