基于GIS的祁连山生态敏感性评价
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摘要
以遥感数据为基础数据源研究祁连山的生态环境特点和主要生态问题,并结合客观条件及评价因子的选取需具有代表性、可计量性的原则,选取气候舒适度指数、土地沙化指数、土地盐碱化指数、水土流失指数和生物多样性指数共5项评价因子对祁连山生态敏感性进行综合评价。运用GIS技术在单因子评价的基础上,再利用空间叠加分析功能和重分类工具进行多因子综合评价,划分5类生态敏感等级,由大到小依次为高敏感性、较高敏感性、中等敏感性、较低敏感性和低敏感性。结果表明,祁连山生态敏感性空间分异明显,高敏感性地区主要分布在祁连山西部地区,低敏感性地区主要分布在东部地区。生态敏感性总体都处于中等偏低的水平上,其中,中等以下的地区占研究区总面积的69. 78%,高敏感性、较高敏感性占研究区的30. 22%,表明对于祁连山的生态保护还是卓有成效的,但一些地区还存在不少问题,导致生态敏感性偏高。因此,未来对于祁连山生态环境保护任务依然艰巨,对于高敏感性区域的西部地区应该进行严格保护和生态治理,对于低敏感性区域的东部地区要持续加强生态保护,减少人为活动影响。
This paper intends to present a research result on the ecological environment special features of the Qilian Mountain ranges along the border area between Qinghai and Gansu as a research area on the basis of the remote sensing data,mainly taking into account the primary ecological factors. On this basis,the combination of the research focus and the objective conditions with the evaluation factors chosen as representative and measurable. More specifically speaking,the ecological sensitivity of the Qilian Mountain range has been analyzed comprehensively by the following 5 evaluation factors,namely,the climate comfort,the land desertation,the land salinization,the soil erosion,in addition to the biodiversity indexes. What is more,on the basis of a single factor evaluation for GIS technology,we have also conducted a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation and generate 5 types of ecological sensitivity levels,namely,the high sensitivity,higher sensitivity,moderate sensitivity,low sensitivity,and extremely low sensitivity. The results of our evaluation demonstrate that the ecological sensitivities of the Qilian Mountain range are particularly keen and featured with the distinctive spatial fragility under the superposition function if the reclassification tool were utilized for the analysis. What is more,the high-sensitivity areas are more scattered in the western part of the mountain range,and,in contrast,the low-sensitivity areas prefer to be scattered in the eastern part,where the ecological sensitivity is generally at a moderate level,which account about for 69. 78% of the entire study area. And,statistically speaking,the high-sensitivity and higher sensitivity areas tend to account for 30. 22% of the total area. Therefore,on the whole,the ecological protection of the entire Qilian Mountain ranges should be said remaining fruitful.In spite of this,still numerous problems of some of the areas under study remain to be mentioned and needed to be solved.Hence,it is still particularly pointed out that great mission of ecological protection for Qilian Mountain range remains confronted by the departments of the local governments in the future.Whereas the western region of the mountain range with high sensitivity should be strictly protected and ecologically controlled,the eastern region should also be continuously strengthened with the lower sensitivity,the ecological protection,and the effect of human interference.
This paper intends to present a research result on the ecological environment special features of the Qilian Mountain ranges along the border area between Qinghai and Gansu as a research area on the basis of the remote sensing data,mainly taking into account the primary ecological factors. On this basis,the combination of the research focus and the objective conditions with the evaluation factors chosen as representative and measurable. More specifically speaking,the ecological sensitivity of the Qilian Mountain range has been analyzed comprehensively by the following 5 evaluation factors,namely,the climate comfort,the land desertation,the land salinization,the soil erosion,in addition to the biodiversity indexes. What is more,on the basis of a single factor evaluation for GIS technology,we have also conducted a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation and generate 5 types of ecological sensitivity levels,namely,the high sensitivity,higher sensitivity,moderate sensitivity,low sensitivity,and extremely low sensitivity. The results of our evaluation demonstrate that the ecological sensitivities of the Qilian Mountain range are particularly keen and featured with the distinctive spatial fragility under the superposition function if the reclassification tool were utilized for the analysis. What is more,the high-sensitivity areas are more scattered in the western part of the mountain range,and,in contrast,the low-sensitivity areas prefer to be scattered in the eastern part,where the ecological sensitivity is generally at a moderate level,which account about for 69. 78% of the entire study area. And,statistically speaking,the high-sensitivity and higher sensitivity areas tend to account for 30. 22% of the total area. Therefore,on the whole,the ecological protection of the entire Qilian Mountain ranges should be said remaining fruitful.In spite of this,still numerous problems of some of the areas under study remain to be mentioned and needed to be solved.Hence,it is still particularly pointed out that great mission of ecological protection for Qilian Mountain range remains confronted by the departments of the local governments in the future.Whereas the western region of the mountain range with high sensitivity should be strictly protected and ecologically controlled,the eastern region should also be continuously strengthened with the lower sensitivity,the ecological protection,and the effect of human interference.
引文
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[12] XU Dongmei(许冬梅). Practice and Reflection on mine geological and ecological environment renovation in Qilian Mountains nature reserve[J]. Environmental Protection(环境保护),2018,46(5):78-80.
[13] WANG Zhihe(王治和), HUANG Kun(黄坤),ZHANG Qiang(张强). Regional ecological security early warning model based on extension cloud model and its application:a case study of Zhangye glacier and water conservation ecological function area[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2017,17(2):768-774
[14] WANG Tao(王涛),GAO Feng(高峰),WANG Bao(王宝),et al. Current situation,problems and suggestions on ecological protection and restoration of Qilian Mountains[J]. Glacial Frozen Soil(冰川冻土),2017,39(2):229-234.
[15] WEI Wei(魏伟),SHI Peiji(石培基),FENG Haichun(冯海春),et al. Suitability evaluation of human settlements in arid inland river basin:a case study of Shiyang River Basin[J]. Natural Resources Journal(自然资源学报),2012,27(11):1940-1950.
[16] XIE Wen(谢雯),REN Lixiu(任黎秀),JIANG Lipeng(姜立鹏). Spatial and temporal distribution of tourism temperature and humidity index based on MODIS data[J]. Geography and Geographic Information Science(地理与地理信息科学),2006(5):31-35.
[17] ZHANG Juan(张娟). Evaluation of the impact of oasis development on the ecological environment in arid area(绿洲开发对干旱区生态环境的影响评价)[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2016.
[18] WANG Fei(王飞),DING Jianli(丁建丽),WU Manchun(伍漫春). Remote sensing model of Soil Salinization Based on NDVI-SI feature space[J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2010,26(8):168-173+8.
[19] Marine Bureau Website. On the issuance of “resource and environmental carrying capacity detection and early warning technology(Trial)Notice”[EB/OL].[2016-10-13]. http://www. gov. cn/xinwen/2016-10/13/content_5118667. htm.
[20] WEI Wei(魏伟),SHI Peiji(石培基),ZHOU Junju(周俊菊),et al. Land ecological sensitivity assessment in Shiyang River Basin based on regional statistical method[J]. Soil and Water Conservation Research(水土保持研究),2015,22(6):240-244.
[21] WU Zhengli(武正丽),JIA Wenxiong(贾文雄),LIU Yarong(刘亚荣),et al. Study on vegetation cover change in Qilian Mountain in recent 10 years[J]. Arid Region Research(干旱区研究),2014,31(1):80-87.
[2] MCHAG L L. Design combines natural(设计结合自然)[M]. HUANG Jingwei(黄经纬),tran. Tianjin:Tianjin University Press,2006.
[3] OUYANG Zhiyun(欧阳志云),WANG Xiaoke(王效科),MIAO Hong(苗鸿). China's ecological sensitivity and its regional difference law[J]. Acta Ecologic Sinica(生态学报),2000(1):10-13.
[4] LIU Xiaonan(刘晓南),CHENG Jiong(程炯),LI Cheng(李铖). Assessment of terrestrial ecological sensitivity and ecological safety in Zhuhai City[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2016,16(3):354-360.
[5] QU Sai(屈赛),LIN Aiwen(林爱文),LI Bin(黎斌),et al. Ecotourism land use strategy based on ecological sensitivity in Lushan District[J]. Ecoscience(生态科学),2018,37(1):164-170.
[6] ZHU Dongguo(朱东国),XIE Binggeng(谢炳庚),CHEN Yonglin(陈永林). Strategies for tourism land use in mountain tourist cities based on ecological sensitivity assessment:a case study of Zhangjiajie[J]. Economic Geography(经济地理),2015,35(6):184-189.
[7] LIU Lan(刘澜),TANG Xiaolan(唐晓岚),XIONG Xing(熊星),et al. Ecological sensitivity analysis of natural landscape in south of Jiangsu rural area based on GIS[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(南京林业大学学报),2018,42(4):159-164.
[8] SHI Nana(史娜娜),QUAN Zhanjun(全占军),HAN Yu(韩煜),et al. Analysis of land resources carrying capacity in Wuhai based on ecological sensitivity assessment[J]. Soil and Water Conservation Research(水土保持研究),2017,24(1):239-243.
[9] CUI Yaoping(崔耀平),Lü Kewen(吕可文),HE Chunling(何春玲),et al. Suitability evaluation of urban construction land under the restriction of ecological sensitivity[J]. Surveying and Mapping Science(测绘科学),2016,41(9):47-53+59.
[10] KANG Wei(康薇), WANG Xiaoqing(王晓晴),ZHANG Liqiang(张立强),et al. Development of ecological sensitivity in unused land in Huailai County[J].Soil and Water Conservation Research(水土保持研究),2018,25(1):356-363
[11] PAN Feng(潘峰),TIAN Changyan(田长彦),SHAO Feng(邵峰),et al. Ecological sensitivity study of Karamay City,Xinjiang[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica(地理学报),2011,66(11):1497-1507.
[12] XU Dongmei(许冬梅). Practice and Reflection on mine geological and ecological environment renovation in Qilian Mountains nature reserve[J]. Environmental Protection(环境保护),2018,46(5):78-80.
[13] WANG Zhihe(王治和), HUANG Kun(黄坤),ZHANG Qiang(张强). Regional ecological security early warning model based on extension cloud model and its application:a case study of Zhangye glacier and water conservation ecological function area[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2017,17(2):768-774
[14] WANG Tao(王涛),GAO Feng(高峰),WANG Bao(王宝),et al. Current situation,problems and suggestions on ecological protection and restoration of Qilian Mountains[J]. Glacial Frozen Soil(冰川冻土),2017,39(2):229-234.
[15] WEI Wei(魏伟),SHI Peiji(石培基),FENG Haichun(冯海春),et al. Suitability evaluation of human settlements in arid inland river basin:a case study of Shiyang River Basin[J]. Natural Resources Journal(自然资源学报),2012,27(11):1940-1950.
[16] XIE Wen(谢雯),REN Lixiu(任黎秀),JIANG Lipeng(姜立鹏). Spatial and temporal distribution of tourism temperature and humidity index based on MODIS data[J]. Geography and Geographic Information Science(地理与地理信息科学),2006(5):31-35.
[17] ZHANG Juan(张娟). Evaluation of the impact of oasis development on the ecological environment in arid area(绿洲开发对干旱区生态环境的影响评价)[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2016.
[18] WANG Fei(王飞),DING Jianli(丁建丽),WU Manchun(伍漫春). Remote sensing model of Soil Salinization Based on NDVI-SI feature space[J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2010,26(8):168-173+8.
[19] Marine Bureau Website. On the issuance of “resource and environmental carrying capacity detection and early warning technology(Trial)Notice”[EB/OL].[2016-10-13]. http://www. gov. cn/xinwen/2016-10/13/content_5118667. htm.
[20] WEI Wei(魏伟),SHI Peiji(石培基),ZHOU Junju(周俊菊),et al. Land ecological sensitivity assessment in Shiyang River Basin based on regional statistical method[J]. Soil and Water Conservation Research(水土保持研究),2015,22(6):240-244.
[21] WU Zhengli(武正丽),JIA Wenxiong(贾文雄),LIU Yarong(刘亚荣),et al. Study on vegetation cover change in Qilian Mountain in recent 10 years[J]. Arid Region Research(干旱区研究),2014,31(1):80-87.