黄河皇甫川流域水沙关系特性及关键驱动因素
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摘要
以黄河中游皇甫川流域为研究区,基于1960—2015年的实测日径流和日悬移质输沙量数据,采用双累积曲线法和水沙关系曲线法两种方法,对研究区洪水悬移质泥沙的环路特性进行探究。结果表明:皇甫川流域多年平均径流量为1.11亿m~3,平均输沙量为0.31亿t,均呈显著下降趋势,减少速率分别为0.033 1亿m~3/a和0.0101亿t/a;1979、2003年为水沙系列转折年,表现出明显的阶段特性;多年水沙关系曲线可用幂指数拟合,水沙关系未出现明显偏离;植被恢复和水保工程对流域泥沙减少起到重要作用;典型洪水场次条件下水沙C-Q(Concentration-Discharge)环路表现为顺时针、逆时针、逆"8"字形、正"8"字形和线形5种类型,分别描述了次洪水泥沙输移的不同特征。
Double mass curve(DMC) method and rating curve method were applied to explore the loop characteristics of the suspended sediment concentration based on measured daily discharge and suspended sediment runoff from 1960 to 2015 of Huangfuchuan Basin in the midstream of the Yellow River. The results show that the average annual runoff and the mean sediment runoff was 111 million m~3 and 31 million tons respectively. Significant reduction tendency was revealed with a reduction rate of 0.0331 billion m~3/a and 0.0101 billion t/a, respectively. 1979 and 2003 were two turning years, exhibiting distinct phase characteristics. In addition, the rating curve can be fitted with a power exponent function and the relation between discharge and sediment does not show significant deviation. Vegetation recovery together with soil and water conservation projects play an important role in sediment reduction. Finally, there are 5 patterns of Concentration-Discharge(C-Q) relation loops for typical hydrological events, including clockwise, counterclockwise, figure-eight, reverse figure-eight and linear loops, which describe different sediment transport features during a flood.
Double mass curve(DMC) method and rating curve method were applied to explore the loop characteristics of the suspended sediment concentration based on measured daily discharge and suspended sediment runoff from 1960 to 2015 of Huangfuchuan Basin in the midstream of the Yellow River. The results show that the average annual runoff and the mean sediment runoff was 111 million m~3 and 31 million tons respectively. Significant reduction tendency was revealed with a reduction rate of 0.0331 billion m~3/a and 0.0101 billion t/a, respectively. 1979 and 2003 were two turning years, exhibiting distinct phase characteristics. In addition, the rating curve can be fitted with a power exponent function and the relation between discharge and sediment does not show significant deviation. Vegetation recovery together with soil and water conservation projects play an important role in sediment reduction. Finally, there are 5 patterns of Concentration-Discharge(C-Q) relation loops for typical hydrological events, including clockwise, counterclockwise, figure-eight, reverse figure-eight and linear loops, which describe different sediment transport features during a flood.
引文
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[14] 刘晓君,李占斌,李鹏,等.基于土地利用/覆被变化的流域景观格局与水沙响应关系研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):5691-5700.(LIU Xiaojun,LI Zhanbin,LI Peng,et al.Land use/cover change based relationship between landscape,runoff,and sedimentation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(18):5691-5700.(in Chinese))
[15] 姚文艺,肖培青,王愿昌,等.砒砂岩区侵蚀治理技术研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2019,39(5):1-9.(YAO Wenyi ,XIAO Peiqing ,WANG Yuanchang,et al.Research progress on soil erosion control technologies in Pisha sandstone areas[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2019,39(5):1-9.(in Chinese))
[16] 姚文艺,冉大川,陈江南.黄河流域近期水沙变化及其趋势预测[J].水科学进展,2013,24(5):607-616.(YAO Wenyi,RAN Dachuan,CHEN Jiangnan.Recent changes in runoff and sediment regimes and future projections in the Yellow River Basin[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(5):607-616.(in Chinese))
[17] 师长兴,邵文伟,范小黎,等.黄河内蒙古段洪峰特征及水沙关系变化[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(9):1124-1132.(SHI Changxing,SHAO Wenwei,FAN Xiaoli,et al.A study on characteristics and sediment rating curves of floods in the Inner Mongolian reach of the Yellow River[J].Progress in Geography,2012,31(9):1124-1132.(in Chinese))
[18] 刘成,何耘,刘桉.河流输沙量变化的主要驱动因素[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(1):1-7.(LIU Cheng,HE Yun,LIU An.The main driving factors for the change of sediment transport in rivers[J].Advanves in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[19] 宋逸云,黄峰.衢江水沙变化趋势分析[J].水资源保护,2017,33(4):40-46.(SONG Yiyun,HUANG Feng.Trend analysis of runoff and sediment load variation in Qujiang River[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(4):40-46.(in Chinese))
[20] KIM D H,PAIK K.Channel geometry controls downstream lags in sediment rating curves[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2018,144(4).
[21] ZHENG M.A spatially invariant sediment rating curve and its temporal change following watershed management in the Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,630:1453-1463.
[22] 孙维婷.延河流域极端降水时空变化及其对水沙变化的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[23] 许炯心.黄河中游多沙粗沙区1997—2007年的水沙变化趋势及其成因[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):1-7.(XU Jiongxin.Trend of sediment yield in the coarser sediment-producing area in the middle Yellow River Basin in the period 1997-2007 and the formative cause[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[24] PENG G,ZHANG X C,MU X M,et al.Trend and change-point analyses of streamflow and sediment discharge in the Yellow River during 1950-2005[J].International Association of Scientific Hydrology Bulletin,2010,55(2):275-285.
[25] 郑艳爽,刘树君,彭红,等.黄河典型冲积性河道输沙能力影响因素分析[J].人民黄河,2012,34(10):34-36.(ZHENG Yanshuang,LIU Shujun,PENG Hong,et al.Analysis of influencing factors on sediment transport capacity of typical alluvial channels of the Yellow River[J].Yellow River,2012,34(10):34-36.(in Chinese))
[26] 徐宗学,张楠.黄河流域近50年降水变化趋势分析[J].地理研究,2006,25(1):27-34.(XU Zongxue,ZHANG Nan.Long-term trend of precipitation in the Yellow River basin during the past 50 years[J].Geographical Research,2006,25(1):27-34.(in Chinese))
[27] 王随继,范小黎.黄河内蒙古不同河型段对洪水过程的响应特征[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(4):501-506.(WANG Suiji,FAN Xiaoli Flood processes and channel responses in typical years of the different channel patterns in Neimenggu reaches of the Upper Yellow River[J].Progress in Geography,2010,29(4):501-506.(in Chinese))
[28] OEURNG C,SAUVAGE S,SáNCHEZ-PéREZ J M.Dynamics of suspended sediment transport and yield in a large agricultural catchment,southwest France[J].Earth Surface Processes & Landforms,2010,35(11):1289-1301.
[29] WILLIAMS G P.Sediment concentration versus water discharge during single hydrologic events in rivers[J].Journal of Hydrology,1989,111(1):89-106.
[30] KLEIN M.Anti-clockwise hysteresis in suspended sediment concentration during individual storms:Holbeck Catchment;Yorkshire,England[J].Catena,1984,11(2):251-257.
[31] 史运良,杨戊,任美锷.长江中下游干流的逆时针型水沙关系分析[J].地理学报,1986,41(2):157-167.(SHI Yunliang,YANG Wu,REN Meie.Analysis of discharge-sediment concentration with counterclockwise correlations at the middle and lower Changjiang[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1986,41(2):157-167.(in Chinese))
[ 2 ] 刘敬伟,程岩,李富祥,等.人类活动对鸭绿江下游水沙变化的影响[J].辽东学院学报(自然科学版),2015,22(1):27-32.(LIU Jingwei,CHENG Yan,LI Fuxiang,et al.Influence of human activities on changes of runoff and sediment downstream Yalu River[J].Journal of Eastern Liaoning University(Natural Science),2015,22(1):27-32.(in Chinese))
[ 3 ] 姚文艺,高亚军,安催花,等.百年尺度黄河上中游水沙变化趋势分析[J].水利水电科技进展,2015,35(5):112-120.(YAO Wenyi,GAO Yajun,AN Cuihua,et al.Analysis of trend of runoff and sediment load in upper and middle reaches of Yellow River at century scale[J].Advanves in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2015,35(5):112-120.(in Chinese))
[ 4 ] 陈西庆,陈吉余.南水北调对长江口粗颗粒悬沙来量的影响[J].水科学进展,1997,8(3):259-263.(CHEN Xiqing,CHEN Jiyu.Effect of the south-to-north water diversion on the coarse-grained sediment discharge into the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Advances in Water Science,1997,8(3):259-263.(in Chinese))
[ 5 ]YANG Haibo,LI Enchong,ZHAO Yong,et al.Effect of water-sediment regulation and its impact on coastline and suspended sediment concentration in Yellow River Estuary[J].Water Science and Engineering,2017,10(4):311-319.
[ 6 ] WANG H,YANG Z,WANG Y,et al.Reconstruction of sediment flux from the Changjiang(Yangtze River)to the sea since the 1860s[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,349(3):318-332.
[ 7 ] XU K,CHEN Z,ZHAO Y,et al.Simulated sediment flux during 1998 big-flood of the Yangtze (Changjiang) River,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,313(3):221-233.
[ 8 ] 恽才兴.从水沙条件及河床地形变化规律谈长江河口综合治理开发战略问题[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(7):8-14.(YUN Caixing.Comprehensive control and development strategy on the basis of the changes in water and silt conditions and riverbed topographic features[J].Marine Geology Letters,2004,20(7):8-14.(in Chinese))
[ 9 ] HU B,WANG H,YANG Z,et al.Temporal and spatial variations of sediment rating curves in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Basin and their implications[J].Quaternary International,2011,230(1):34-43.
[10] YANG G,CHEN Z,YU F,et al.Sediment rating parameters and their implications:Yangtze River,China[J].Geomorphology,2007,85(3):166-175.
[11] FAN Xiaoli,SHI Changxing,ZHOU Yuanyuan,et al.Sediment rating curves in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the upper Yellow River and their implications[J].Quaternary International,2012,282:152-162.
[12] 王小军,蔡焕杰,张鑫,等.皇甫川流域水沙变化特点及其趋势分析[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(1):222-226.(WANG Xiaojun,CAI Huanjie,ZHANG Xin,et al.Analysis of changing characteristics and tendency of runoff and sediment transport in Huangfuchuan River Watershed[J].Research of soil and water conservation,2009,16(1):222-226.(in Chinese))
[13] 李天宏,郑丽娜.基于RUSLE模型的延河流域2001—2010年土壤侵蚀动态变化[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(7):1164-1175.(LI Tianhong,ZHENG Lina.Soil erosion changes in the Yanhe watershed from 2001 to 2010 based on RUSLE model[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(7):1164-1175.(in Chinese))
[14] 刘晓君,李占斌,李鹏,等.基于土地利用/覆被变化的流域景观格局与水沙响应关系研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):5691-5700.(LIU Xiaojun,LI Zhanbin,LI Peng,et al.Land use/cover change based relationship between landscape,runoff,and sedimentation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(18):5691-5700.(in Chinese))
[15] 姚文艺,肖培青,王愿昌,等.砒砂岩区侵蚀治理技术研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2019,39(5):1-9.(YAO Wenyi ,XIAO Peiqing ,WANG Yuanchang,et al.Research progress on soil erosion control technologies in Pisha sandstone areas[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2019,39(5):1-9.(in Chinese))
[16] 姚文艺,冉大川,陈江南.黄河流域近期水沙变化及其趋势预测[J].水科学进展,2013,24(5):607-616.(YAO Wenyi,RAN Dachuan,CHEN Jiangnan.Recent changes in runoff and sediment regimes and future projections in the Yellow River Basin[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(5):607-616.(in Chinese))
[17] 师长兴,邵文伟,范小黎,等.黄河内蒙古段洪峰特征及水沙关系变化[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(9):1124-1132.(SHI Changxing,SHAO Wenwei,FAN Xiaoli,et al.A study on characteristics and sediment rating curves of floods in the Inner Mongolian reach of the Yellow River[J].Progress in Geography,2012,31(9):1124-1132.(in Chinese))
[18] 刘成,何耘,刘桉.河流输沙量变化的主要驱动因素[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(1):1-7.(LIU Cheng,HE Yun,LIU An.The main driving factors for the change of sediment transport in rivers[J].Advanves in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[19] 宋逸云,黄峰.衢江水沙变化趋势分析[J].水资源保护,2017,33(4):40-46.(SONG Yiyun,HUANG Feng.Trend analysis of runoff and sediment load variation in Qujiang River[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(4):40-46.(in Chinese))
[20] KIM D H,PAIK K.Channel geometry controls downstream lags in sediment rating curves[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2018,144(4).
[21] ZHENG M.A spatially invariant sediment rating curve and its temporal change following watershed management in the Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,630:1453-1463.
[22] 孙维婷.延河流域极端降水时空变化及其对水沙变化的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[23] 许炯心.黄河中游多沙粗沙区1997—2007年的水沙变化趋势及其成因[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):1-7.(XU Jiongxin.Trend of sediment yield in the coarser sediment-producing area in the middle Yellow River Basin in the period 1997-2007 and the formative cause[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[24] PENG G,ZHANG X C,MU X M,et al.Trend and change-point analyses of streamflow and sediment discharge in the Yellow River during 1950-2005[J].International Association of Scientific Hydrology Bulletin,2010,55(2):275-285.
[25] 郑艳爽,刘树君,彭红,等.黄河典型冲积性河道输沙能力影响因素分析[J].人民黄河,2012,34(10):34-36.(ZHENG Yanshuang,LIU Shujun,PENG Hong,et al.Analysis of influencing factors on sediment transport capacity of typical alluvial channels of the Yellow River[J].Yellow River,2012,34(10):34-36.(in Chinese))
[26] 徐宗学,张楠.黄河流域近50年降水变化趋势分析[J].地理研究,2006,25(1):27-34.(XU Zongxue,ZHANG Nan.Long-term trend of precipitation in the Yellow River basin during the past 50 years[J].Geographical Research,2006,25(1):27-34.(in Chinese))
[27] 王随继,范小黎.黄河内蒙古不同河型段对洪水过程的响应特征[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(4):501-506.(WANG Suiji,FAN Xiaoli Flood processes and channel responses in typical years of the different channel patterns in Neimenggu reaches of the Upper Yellow River[J].Progress in Geography,2010,29(4):501-506.(in Chinese))
[28] OEURNG C,SAUVAGE S,SáNCHEZ-PéREZ J M.Dynamics of suspended sediment transport and yield in a large agricultural catchment,southwest France[J].Earth Surface Processes & Landforms,2010,35(11):1289-1301.
[29] WILLIAMS G P.Sediment concentration versus water discharge during single hydrologic events in rivers[J].Journal of Hydrology,1989,111(1):89-106.
[30] KLEIN M.Anti-clockwise hysteresis in suspended sediment concentration during individual storms:Holbeck Catchment;Yorkshire,England[J].Catena,1984,11(2):251-257.
[31] 史运良,杨戊,任美锷.长江中下游干流的逆时针型水沙关系分析[J].地理学报,1986,41(2):157-167.(SHI Yunliang,YANG Wu,REN Meie.Analysis of discharge-sediment concentration with counterclockwise correlations at the middle and lower Changjiang[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1986,41(2):157-167.(in Chinese))