The characteristics of Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks in typical structural units included secondary hydrocarbon generation and different original maturities and hydrocarbon generation stages according to the study on tectonic-thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation histories in Tarim Basin was discussed in this paper. The results showed that the secondary hydrocarbon generation potential of Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks in Tarim Basin was dominated by original maturity; secondary hydrocarbon generation production rate decreased regularly with the increase of original maturity; the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion potential of hydrocarbon source rock with low and middle maturities was high and there was relatively later hydrocarbon generation peak.
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