The Neoproterozoic granitic gneisses in Tianshui area are located in the Xinyang-Yuanlong ductile shear belt which is the boundary between the North Qinling orogenic belt and the North Qilian tectonic zone. Geochemistry, petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the granitic gneisses are discussed in this paper. The generation of granitic gneisses resulted from dehydration melting due to the breakdown of micaceous minerals, with the possible existence of some fractional crystallization. The granitic gneisses suggest a collision between the North Qinling micro-block and its adjacent block in the Early Neoproterozoic period. It is a response of the assembly of Rodinia in West Qinling Mountains.