Based on systematical collection and analysis of coal geological exploration and research achievements of Guizhou Province since more than 50 years,  using coal accumulation law and tectonic controlling action of coal,  this paper studied the occurrence of coal resources in Guizhou Province. The results showed in the following aspects: coal-bearing areas of Guizhou Province are mainly located in fold-thrust belt of passive margin of southern Yangtze Block,  where the coal units can be classified into 4 coal belts and 9 coalfields. Delta plain was the best coal-accumulating environment,  coal accumulation center is along western Panxian-Shuicheng region,  and the coal is characterized by medium ash and mid-high sulfur What’s more,  plutonic metamorphism and telemagmatic thermal metamorphism are the main coal metamorphic types in the area.