Gram-negative bacillary late-onset sepsis results in greater mortality and morbidity in extremely preterm infants and late-preterm and term-born neonates.

Prolonged use of total parenteral nutrition is the most important risk factor for acquisition of gram-negative bacillary late-onset sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in neonates with gram-negative bacillary late-onset sepsis were Pseudomonas aeruginosa etiology and underlying secondary pulmonary hypertension, renal disease, and neuromuscular comorbidities.