ScFv recombinant proteins specific for TNT were successfully integrated into a multi-channeled microfluidic device.

Fluorescence displacement immunoassays using an immobilized bt-scFv complex provided superior detection limits for TNT.

Limits of detection (LOD) for TNT in natural seawater was measured at sub-parts-per-billion (0.5 ppb) levels.

Fluorescence signal responses were obtained within minutes.

Minimal crossreactivity was observed from other explosive compounds (e.g., nitramines).