Predictive factors for conservative treatment failure in grade IV pediatric blunt renal trauma

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• 作者：Jun Nyung Lee^a ; ^{ljnlover@gmail.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Jae Kwang Lim^b ; ^{limjaekwang@gmail.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Myeong Jin Woo^a ; ^{wozin08@naver.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Se Yun Kwon^c ; ^{chao-chao@hanmail.net" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Bum Soo Kim^a ; ^{dock97@hanmail.net" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Hyun Tae Kim^a ; ^{urologistk@knu.ac.kr" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Tae-Hwan Kim^a ; ^{doctork@knu.ac.kr" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Eun Sang Yoo^a ; ^{uroyoo@knu.ac.kr" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Sung Kwang Chung^a ; ^{skchung@knu.ac.kr" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：Complications ; Kidney ; Pediatrics ; Treatment outcome ; Wounds and injuries
• 刊名：Journal of Pediatric Urology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：12
• 期：2
• 页码：93.e1-93.e7
• 全文大小：442 K

文摘

Most children with grade IV renal injury are treated using a conservative approach with a high success rate. However, a small minority of patients with grade IV renal injury require urological intervention because of symptomatic urinomas. The challenge lies in predicting which of the patients receiving initial conservative treatment may require delayed interventional management because of urological complications.

Objective

To identify clinical factors and radiological features associated with the need for urological intervention in grade IV pediatric, blunt renal trauma patients who were initially treated with a conservative approach.

Study design

The medical records of consecutive 26 children presenting to our center between 1996 and 2014 with grade IV renal injury, were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical factors, radiological features on computed tomography (CT), use of urological intervention, and patient outcomes were analyzed.

Results

The population algorithm of this study is shown in the figure. The patients who required urological intervention had a higher transfusion rate and larger perinephric hematomas (>2.2 cm) than those who did not require intervention. The main laceration was located in the antero-medial portion of the kidney, and intravascular contrast extravasation was observed more often in patients who underwent urological intervention compared with patients with successful conservative management.

Discussion

The authors recommend the use of cautious observation and timely imaging studies for unresolved or expanding urinomas in children with grade IV renal trauma with predictive factors. Moreover, most patients received urological intervention 4–8 days after the trauma. Therefore, it is suggested that a follow-up image study for early detection of urological complications should be conducted 4–5 days after trauma in grade IV renal trauma children with predictive factors. If none of these factors are observed on the initial CT or during the clinical course, follow-up imaging study may be avoided during hospitalization.

Conclusion

The need for transfusion, and the presence of specific image features on initial CT, such as the main laceration location in the antero-medial portion of kidney, intravascular contrast extravasation, and a large perinephric hematoma, served as useful predictive factors for urological intervention in grade IV pediatric blunt renal trauma patients who were initially treated with a conservative approach. The findings indicate that early detection and appropriate intervention should be considered a priority in the conservative treatment of grade IV pediatric renal trauma with predictive factors.