Bi5+ self-doped BiOBr nanosheets are achieved under UV irradiation.
Bi5+ is formed due to the oxidation of surface Bi3+ by photoexcited h+ of BiOBr.
Two photoinduced h+ mediated oxidation processes happen simultaneously.
Self-doped BiOBr is superior in phenol degradation and bacterial inactivation.
Bi5+ electron trapping induced photocatalytic enhancement mechanism is proposed.
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