Sperm ultrastructure of representatives of Leptodactylidae subfamilies Leptodactylinae, Paratelmatobiinae and Leiuperinae are described.
Data support the revalidation of Engystomops as a true taxon, distinct from Physalaemus.
The tail of the spermatozoa of E. petersi and E. freibergi (Edentulus clade) (Leiuperinae) was similar to that of P. poecilogaster (Paratelmatobiinae).
Sperm characteristics validate the allocation of A. marmorata into a genus distinct from Leptodactylus.
The ultrastructural characteristics of the spermatozoa provide strong evidence of a phylogenetic signal useful for systematics of the anurans.
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