Exercise and Nutritional Supplementation on Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese Women With Sarcopenic Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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• 作者：Hunkyung Kim ; PhD^a ; ^{kimhk@tmig.or.jp" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Miji Kim ; PhD^a ; ^&dagger ; ; Narumi Kojima ; MS^a ; Ken Fujino ; DVM^a ; Erika Hosoi ; BS^a ; Hisamine Kobayashi ; DVM^b ; Shinji Somekawa ; MS^b ; Yoshifumi Niki ; MS^c ; Yukari Yamashiro ; PhD^c ; Hideyo Yoshida ; MD ; PhD^a
• 关键词：Sarcopenic obesity ; Exercise ; Nutrition ; Intervention ; Elderly women
• 刊名：Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：1 November 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：17
• 期：11
• 页码：1011-1019
• 全文大小：317 K

文摘

To investigate the effects of exercise and/or nutritional supplementation on body composition, blood components, and physical function in community-dwelling elderly Japanese women with sarcopenic obesity.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Urban community in Tokyo, Japan.

Participants

Among 1213 community-dwelling elderly women over 70 years of age, 307 were defined with sarcopenic obesity, and 139 women participated in the study.

Intervention

Participants were randomly assigned to one of four intervention groups. The exercise and nutrition (Ex + N) and exercise only (Ex) groups attended 60-minute exercise classes twice a week for 3 months. The Ex + N and nutrition only (N) groups were provided with essential amino acid supplementation and tea fortified with catechins to be taken daily for 3 months. Health education classes were provided to the control (HE) group every 2 weeks.

Measurements

Bioelectric impedance analysis was used to measure body composition. Skeletal muscle mass index was calculated using measures of muscle mass and height. Physical function measures included grip strength, knee extension strength, usual walking speed, and walking parameters (stride, step length, width, walking angles). Blood samples were obtained to analyze levels of albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, leptin, cystatin C, vitamin D, interleukin-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Results

Significant between-group × time interactions were observed in usual walking speed (P = .012), stride (P = .004), right step length (P = .003), average number of steps (P = .029), and vitamin D (P < .001). Compared to the HE group, the Ex + N intervention significantly decreased total body fat mass (P = .036) and increased stride (P = .038) and vitamin D (P < .001). Significant reductions in trunk fat were observed in the Ex group compared with HE (P = .014). The Ex + N and Ex interventions were over four times as likely (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) to reduce body fat mass than the HE group (4.42 [1.21-16.19]; 4.50 [1.13-17.9], respectively). Significant odds ratios of the Ex + N intervention improving walking speed (3.05 [1.01-9.19]), vitamin D (14.22 [1.64-123.02]), and leptin (3.86 [1.19-12.47]) were also observed.

Conclusion

Although exercise and nutrition have beneficial effects on individual variables of body composition, blood components, and physical function, improvements in muscle mass and variable combinations such as percent fat + skeletal muscle mass index or percent fat + physical functions were not observed in this population. Further large-scale and long-term investigation is necessary.