Identification of new bacteria harboring qnrS and aac(6′)-Ib/cr and mutations possibly involved in fluoroquinolone resistance in raw sewage and activated sludge samples from a full-scale WWTP
Bacteria harboring the aac(6′)-Ib gene predominated in raw sewage. qnrS-positive bacteria were specific to activated sludge. First report of the qnrS gene in Providencia rettgeri and Pseudomonas guangdongensis. aac(6′)-Ib-cr: first report in Alcaligenes faecalis and Providencia rettgeri. QnrS and AAC(6′)Ib exhibited many amino acids alterations previously undetected.