Bone mineral density at diagnosis determines fracture rate in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated according to the DCOG-ALL9 protocol

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• 作者：Mari毛l L. te Winkel ; Rob Pieters ; Wim C.J. Hop ; Jan C. Roos ; Jos P.M. B枚kkerink ; Jan A. Leeuw ; Marrie C.A. Bruin ; Wouter J.W. Kollen ; Anjo J.P. Veerman ; Hester A. de Groot-Kruseman ; Inge M. van der Sluis ; Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink
• 关键词：Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia ; Bone mineral density ; Fractures ; Steroids
• 刊名：Bone
• 出版年：February, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：59
• 期：Complete
• 页码：223-228
• 全文大小：424 K

文摘

Purpose

To elucidate incidence and risk factors of bone mineral density and fracture risk in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).

Methods

Prospectively, cumulative fracture incidence, calculated from diagnosis until one year after cessation of treatment, was assessed in 672 patients. This fracture incidence was compared between subgroups of treatment stratification and age subgroups (Log-Rank test). Serial measurements of bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (BMD_LS) were performed in 399 ALL patients using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. We evaluated risk factors for a low BMD (multivariate regression analysis). Osteoporosis was defined as a BMD_LS 鈮?#xA0;鈭?#xA0;2 SDS combined with clinical significant fractures.

Results

The 3-year cumulative fracture incidence was 17.8%. At diagnosis, mean BMD_LS of ALL patients was lower than of healthy peers (mean BMD_LS = 鈭?#xA0;1.10 SDS, P < 0.001), and remained lower during/after treatment (8 months: BMD_LS = 鈭?#xA0;1.10 SDS, P < 0.001; 24 months: BMD_LS = 鈭?#xA0;1.27 SDS, P < 0.001; 36 months: BMD_LS = 鈭?#xA0;0.95 SDS, P < 0.001). Younger age, lower weight and B-cell-immunophenotype were associated with a lower BMD_LS at diagnosis. After correction for weight, height, gender and immunophenotype, stratification to the high risk (HR)-protocol arm and older age lead to a larger decline of BMD_LS (HR group: 尾 = 鈭?#xA0;0.52, P < 0.01; age: 尾 = 鈭?#xA0;0.16, P < 0.001). Cumulative fracture incidences were not different between ALL risk groups and age groups. Patients with fractures had a lower BMD_LS during treatment than those without fractures. Treatment-related bone loss was similar in patients with and without fractures (respectively: 螖BMD_LS = 鈭?#xA0;0.36 SDS and 螖BMD_LS = 鈭?#xA0;0.12 SDS; interaction group time, P = 0.30). Twenty of the 399 patients (5%) met the criteria of osteoporosis.

Conclusion

Low values of BMD_LS at diagnosis and during treatment, rather than the treatment-related decline of BMD_LS, determine the increased fracture risk of 17.8% in children with ALL.