Is There a Role for Intravenous Subdissociative-Dose Ketamine Administered as an Adjunct to Opioids or as a Single Agent for Acute Pain Management in the Emergency Department?

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Sergey Motov ; MD^&lowast ; ; Steven Rosenbaum ; MD^&dagger ; ; Gary M. Vilke ; MD^&Dagger ; ; Yuko Nakajima ; MD^&Dagger ; ;
• 关键词：subdissociative-dose ketamine ; low-dose ketamine ; analgesia
• 刊名：The Journal of Emergency Medicine
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：51
• 期：6
• 页码：752-757
• 全文大小：137 K
• 卷排序：51

文摘

Whether acute or chronic, emergency physicians frequently encounter patients reporting pain. It is the responsibility of the emergency physician to assess and evaluate, and if appropriate, safely and effectively reduce pain. Recently, analgesics other than opioids are being considered in an effort to provide safe alternatives for pain management in the emergency department (ED). Opioids have significant adverse effects such as respiratory depression, hypotension, and sedation, to say nothing of their potential for abuse. Although ketamine has long been used in the ED for procedural sedation and rapid sequence intubation, it is used infrequently for analgesia. Recent evidence suggests that ketamine use in subdissociative doses proves to be effective for pain control and serves as a feasible alternative to traditional opioids. This paper evaluates ketamine's analgesic effectiveness and safety in the ED.MethodsThis is a literature review of randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and observational studies evaluating ketamine for pain control in the ED setting. Based on these search parameters, eight studies were included in the final analysis and graded based on the American Academy of Emergency Medicine Clinical Practice Committee manuscript review process.ResultsA total of eight papers were reviewed in detail and graded. Recommendations were given based upon this review process.ConclusionsSubdissociative-dose ketamine (low-dose ketamine) is effective and safe to use alone or in combination with opioid analgesics for the treatment of acute pain in the ED. Its use is associated with higher rates of minor, but well-tolerated adverse side effects.