This paper develops a novel measure of affordability that combines housing costs and transportation costs. It develops a measure of housing costs for owners and includes opportunity cost from commuting time in transportation costs. Households housing and transportation cost burdened increased from 1.2 to 1.9 million between 2007 and 2013 (58.6%). In São Paulo metropolitan region 27.7% of households spend over 45% of their income on housing and transportation by 2013. This broader measure of affordability points to integrating housing policy with infrastructure investments. Low cost housing located far from job center can result in a substantial number of cost burdened households.