Dioxin Concentrations in Breast Milk of Vietnamese Nursing Mothers: A Survey Four Decades after the Herbicide Spraying

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• 作者：Pham The Tai ; Muneko Nishijo ; Teruhiko Kido ; Hideaki Nakagawa ; Shoko Maruzeni ; Rie Naganuma ; Nguyen Thi Nguyet Anh ; Yuko Morikawa ; Hoang Van Luong ; Tran Hai Anh ; Nguyen Ngoc Hung ; Le Ke Son ; Kenji Tawara ; Hisao Nishijo
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：August 1, 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：45
• 期：15
• 页码：6625-6632
• 全文大小：839K
• 年卷期：v.45,no.15(August 1, 2011)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

In an operation by United States Armed Forces during 1961 to 1971, large quantities of herbicides were sprayed in South Vietnam. These herbicides contained 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetraCDD), the most toxic congener of dioxins. Several decades after the herbicide spraying ceased, dioxin concentrations in the environment and human remained elevated in the sprayed areas. Breast milk samples from 520 nursing mothers residing in areas including the hot spots as well as the sprayed and unsprayed areas were collected to quantify the levels of dioxins. The total toxic equivalents of 2,3,7,8-substitued PCDDs/PCDFs in breast milk of mothers living in the hot spots, and the sprayed and unsprayed areas were 14.10 pg/g lipid, 10.89 pg/g lipid, and 4.09 pg/g lipid for primiparae and 11.48 pg/g lipid, 7.56 pg/g lipid, and 2.84 pg/g lipid for multiparae, respectively, with significant differences in the values among the three areas. In the hot spots, dioxin levels were highly correlated with the residency of mothers after adjustment for their age and parity.