Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers vs Alternate Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes from East Asia to the Arctic

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Axel M枚ller ; Zhiyong Xie ; Minghong Cai ; Guangcai Zhong ; Peng Huang ; Minggang Cai ; Renate Sturm ; Jianfeng He ; Ralf Ebinghaus
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：August 15, 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：45
• 期：16
• 页码：6793-6799
• 全文大小：964K
• 年卷期：v.45,no.16(August 15, 2011)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Marine boundary layer air and seawater samples taken during a polar expedition cruise from East China Sea to the Arctic were analyzed in order to compare the occurrence, distribution, and fate of the banned polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) with their brominated alternatives as well as the chlorinated Dechloranes. The sum of PBDEs (鈭?sub>10PBDEs) in the atmosphere ranged from 0.07 to 8.1 pg m^鈥? with BDE鈥?09 being the dominating congener and from not detected (n.d.) to 0.6 pg L^鈥? in seawater. Alternate brominated flame retardants (BFRs), especially hexabromobenzene (HBB), (2,3鈥揹ibromopropyl鈥?,4,6鈥搕ribromophenyl ether (DPTE), pentabromotoluene (PBT), 2鈥揺thylhexyl 2,3,4,5鈥搕etrabromobenzoate (EHTBB), bis鈥?2鈥揺thylhexyl)鈥搕etrabromophthalate (TBPH), were detected in higher concentrations than PBDEs, even in the high Arctic (0.6 to 15.4 pg m^鈥? for sum of alternate BFRs), indicating the change of PBDEs toward alternate BFRs in the environmental predominance. In addition, Dechlorane Plus (DP) as well as Dechlorane 602, 603, and 604 were detected both in the atmosphere and in seawater. The highest concentrations as well as the highest compound variability were observed in East Asian samples suggesting the Asian continent as source of these compounds in the marine environment. The air鈥搒eawater exchange indicates strong deposition, especially of alternate BFRs, as well as dry particle鈥揵ound deposition of BDE鈥?09 into the ocean.