Identifying Early Urinary Metabolic Changes with Long-Term Environmental Exposure to Cadmium by Mass-Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics

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• 作者：Yanhong Gao ; Yonghai Lu ; Shaomin Huang ; Liang Gao ; Xuxia Liang ; Yongning Wu ; Jing Wang ; Qiong Huang ; Liuying Tang ; Guian Wang ; Fei Yang ; Shuguang Hu ; Zihui Chen ; Ping Wang ; Qi Jiang ; Rui Huang ; Yinghua Xu ; Xingfen Yang ; Choon Nam Ong
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：June 3, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：48
• 期：11
• 页码：6409-6418
• 全文大小：490K
• 年卷期：v.48,no.11(June 3, 2014)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant, and urinary Cd (UCd) is generally used as a marker of exposure; however, our understanding on the related urinary metabolic changes caused by Cd exposure is still not clear. In this study, we applied a mass-spectrometry-based metabolomic approach to assess the urinary metabolic changes in human with long-term environmental Cd exposure, aimed to identify early biomarkers to assess Cd nephrotoxicity. Urine samples from 94 female never smokers aged 44鈥?0 with UCd in the range of 0.20鈥?8.67 渭g/L were analyzed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-ToF-MS) and gas chromatography鈥搈ass spectrometry (GC鈥揗S). It was found that metabolites related to amino acid metabolism (l-glutamine, l-cystine, l-tyrosine, N-methyl-l-histidine, l-histidinol, taurine, phenylacetylglutamine, hippurate, and pyroglutamic acid), galactose metabolism (d-galactose and myo-inositol), purine metabolism (xanthine, urea, and deoxyadenosine monophosphate), creatine pathway (creatine and creatinine), and steroid hormone biosynthesis (17-伪-hydroxyprogesterone, tetrahydrocortisone, estrone, and corticosterone) were significantly higher among those with a UCd level higher than 5 渭g/L. Moreover, we noticed that the level of N-methyl-l-histidine had already started to elevate among individuals with a UCd concentration of 鈮? 渭g/L. The overall findings illustrate that metabolomics offer a useful approach for revealing metabolic changes as a result of Cd exposure.