Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechlorane Plus in the Marine Atmosphere from Southeast Asia toward Antarctica

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Axel M枚ller ; Zhiyong Xie ; Minghong Cai ; Renate Sturm ; Ralf Ebinghaus
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T)
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：March 20, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：46
• 期：6
• 页码：3141-3148
• 全文大小：365K
• 年卷期：v.46,no.6(March 20, 2012)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

The occurrence, distribution, and temperature dependence in the marine atmosphere of several alternative brominated flame retardants (BFRs), Dechlorane Plus (DP) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated during a sampling cruise from the East Indian Archipelago toward the Indian Ocean and further to the Southern Ocean. Elevated concentrations were observed over the East Indian Archipelago, especially of the non-PBDE BFR hexabromobenzene (HBB) with concentrations up to 26 pg m^鈥? which were found to be related to continental air masses from the East Indian Archipelago. Other alternative BFRs鈥?pentabromotoulene (PBT), pentabromobenzene (PBBz), and 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE)鈥攚ere elevated, too, with concentrations up to 2.8, 4.3, and 2.3 pg m^鈥?, respectively. DP was detected from 0.26 to 11 pg m^鈥? and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) ranged from not detected (nd) to 2.8 pg m^鈥?, respectively. PBDEs ranged from nd to 6.6 pg m^鈥? (危₁₀PBDEs) with the highest individual concentrations for BDE-209. The approach of Clausius鈥揅lapeyron (CC) plots indicates that HBB is dominated by long-range atmospheric transport at lower temperatures over the Indian and Southern Ocean, while volatilization processes and additional atmospheric emissions dominate at higher temperatures. In contrast, BDE-28 and -47 are dominated by long-range transport without fresh emissions over the entire cruise transect and temperature range, indicating limited fresh emissions of the meanwhile classic PBDEs.