Microscopic Evaluation of Trace Metals in Cloud Droplets in an Acid Precipitation Region

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• 作者：Weijun Li ; Yan Wang ; Jeffrey L. Collett ; Jr. ; Jianmin Chen ; Xiaoye Zhang ; Zifa Wang ; Wenxing Wang
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T)
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：May 7, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：47
• 期：9
• 页码：4172-4180
• 全文大小：525K
• 年卷期：v.47,no.9(May 7, 2013)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Mass concentrations of soluble trace metals and size, number, and mixing properties of nanometal particles in clouds determine their toxicity to ecosystems. Cloud water was found to be acidic, with a pH of 3.52, at Mt. Lu (elevation 1,165 m) in an acid precipitation region in South China. A combination of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for the first time demonstrates that the soluble metal concentrations and solid metal particle number are surprisingly high in acid clouds at Mt. Lu, where daily concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, and PM₁₀ are 18 渭g m^鈥?, 7 渭g m^鈥?, and 22 渭g m^鈥?. The soluble metals in cloudwater with the highest concentrations were zinc (Zn, 200 渭g L^鈥?), iron (Fe, 88 渭g L^鈥?), and lead (Pb, 77 渭g L^鈥?). TEM reveals that 76% of cloud residues include metal particles that range from 50 nm to 1 渭m diameter with a median diameter of 250 nm. Four major metal-associated particle types are Pb-rich (35%), fly ash (27%), Fe-rich (23%), and Zn-rich (15%). Elemental mapping shows that minor soluble metals are distributed within sulfates of cloud residues. Emissions of fine metal particles from large, nonferrous industries and coal-fired power plants with tall stacks were transported upward to this high elevation. Our results suggest that the abundant trace metals in clouds aggravate the impacts of acid clouds or associated precipitation on the ecosystem and human health.