Fluorochrome-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Imaging DNA in Biological Systems

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• 作者：Hoonsung Cho ; David Alcantara ; Hushan Yuan ; Rahul A. Sheth ; Howard H. Chen ; Peng Huang ; Sean B. Andersson ; David E. Sosnovik ; Umar Mahmood ; Lee Josephson
• 刊名：ACS Nano
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：March 26, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：7
• 期：3
• 页码：2032-2041
• 全文大小：613K
• 年卷期：v.7,no.3(March 26, 2013)
• ISSN：1936-086X

文摘

Attaching DNA binding fluorochromes to nanoparticles (NPs) provides a way of obtaining NPs that bind to DNA through fluorochrome mediated interactions. To obtain a nanoparticle (NP) that bound to the DNA in biological systems, we attached the DNA binding fluorochrome, TO-PRO 1 (TO), to the surface of the Feraheme (FH) NP, to obtain a fluorochrome-functionalized NP denoted TO-FH. When reacted with DNA in vitro, TO-FH formed microaggregates that were characterized by fluorescence, light scattering, and T2 changes. The formation of DNA/TO-FH microaggregates was also characterized by AFM, with microaggregates exhibiting a median size of 200 nm, and consisting of DNA and multiple TO-FH NPs whose individual diameters were only 25鈥?5 nm. TO-FH failed to bind normal cells in culture, but treatment with chemotherapeutic agents or detergents yielded necrotic cells that bound TO-FH and vital fluorochromes similarly. The uptake of TO-FH by HT-29 xenografts (treated with 5-FU and oxaliplatin) was evident by surface fluorescence and MRI. Attaching multiple DNA binding fluorochromes to magnetic nanoparticles provides a way of generating DNA binding NPs that can be used to detect DNA detection by microaggregate formation in vitro, for imaging the DNA of necrotic cells in culture, and for imaging the DNA of a tumor treated with a chemotherapeutic agent. Fluorochrome functionalized NPs are a multimodal (magnetic and fluorescent), highly multivalent (n 鈮?10 fluorochromes/NP) nanomaterials useful for imaging the DNA of biological systems.

Keywords:

DNA; imaging; nanoparticle; fluorochrome; biosensing