Investigation of 35 Elements as Single Metal Oxides, Mixed Metal Oxides, or Dopants for Titanium Dioxide for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

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• 作者：Sean P. Berglund ; Son Hoang ; Ryan L. Minter ; Raymond R. Fullon ; C. Buddie Mullins
• 刊名：Journal of Physical Chemistry C
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：December 5, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：117
• 期：48
• 页码：25248-25258
• 全文大小：576K
• 年卷期：v.117,no.48(December 5, 2013)
• ISSN：1932-7455

文摘

A total of 35 elements were investigated as single component metal oxides and as dopants for TiO₂ for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). An array dispenser and scanner system was utilized for high-throughput testing of the single component metal oxides and hundreds of doped TiO₂ compositions. The optimal dopant concentrations were identified and summarized according to their effect on short circuit current (I_SC) and open circuit voltage (V_OC). New dopant candidates were discovered, including several post-transition metals, which showed improvements in DSC performance when incorporated at compositions of 6% In TiO₂, 6% Sn TiO₂, and 6% Sb TiO₂ (metals basis). These compositions were used to synthesize scaled-up DSC devices for detailed characterization. Incorporation of 6% In into TiO₂ enhanced V_OC substantially and increased I_SC slightly, 6% Sn improved I_SC while preserving V_OC, and 6% Sb increased I_SC significantly but decreased V_OC. When coincorporated, Cr and Sb showed a complementary interaction, which reduced resistance to charge transport in the DSC device. The 2% Cr, 6% Sb TiO₂ showed higher I_SC and V_OC values than 6% Sb TiO₂ and considerably higher I_SC than 2% Cr TiO₂. The fill-factor for 2% Cr, 6% Sb TiO₂ was relatively low, but the maximum power was higher than the other compositions due to the higher currents. The V_OC values for DSC devices with different compositions correlated linearly with the measured flat-band potentials (E_FB).