Intrinsic and Extrinsic Parameters for Controlling the Growth of Organic Single-Crystalline Nanopillars in Photovoltaics

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• 作者：Yue Zhang ; Ying Diao ; Hyunbok Lee ; Timothy J. Mirabito ; Richard W. Johnson ; Egle Puodziukynaite ; Jacob John ; Kenneth R. Carter ; Todd Emrick ; Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld ; Alejandro L. Briseno
• 刊名：Nano Letters
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：October 8, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：14
• 期：10
• 页码：5547-5554
• 全文大小：554K
• ISSN：1530-6992

文摘

The most efficient architecture for achieving high donor/acceptor interfacial area in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) would employ arrays of vertically interdigitated p- and n- type semiconductor nanopillars (NPs). Such morphology could have an advantage in bulk heterojunction systems; however, precise control of the dimension morphology in a crystalline, interpenetrating architecture has not yet been realized. Here we present a simple, yet facile, crystallization technique for the growth of vertically oriented NPs utilizing a modified thermal evaporation technique that hinges on a fast deposition rate, short substrate鈥搒ource distance, and ballistic mass transport. A broad range of organic semiconductor materials is beneficial from the technique to generate NP geometries. Moreover, this technique can also be generalized to various substrates, namely, graphene, PEDOT鈥揚SS, ZnO, CuI, MoO₃, and MoS₂. The advantage of the NP architecture over the conventional thin film counterpart is demonstrated with an increase of power conversion efficiency of 32% in photovoltaics. This technique will advance the knowledge of organic semiconductor crystallization and create opportunities for the fabrication and processing of NPs for applications that include solar cells, charge storage devices, sensors, and vertical transistors.

Keywords:

3D-nanopillar; 2D-3D thin film transition; graphene; single-crystalline; organic photovoltaic (OPV); crystallization mechanism