Systemic Responses of BALB/c Mice to Salmonella typhimurium Infection

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• 作者：Xiaoyang Zhu ; Hehua Lei ; Junfang Wu ; Jia V. Li ; Huiru Tang ; Yulan Wang
• 刊名：Journal of Proteome Research
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：October 3, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：13
• 期：10
• 页码：4436-4445
• 全文大小：493K
• ISSN：1535-3907

文摘

Salmonella typhimurium is a bacterial pathogen that poses a great threat to humans and animals. In order to discover hosts鈥?responses to S. typhimurium infection, we collected and analyzed biofluids and organ tissues from mice which had ingested S. typhimurium. We employed ¹H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis and immunological techniques. The results indicate that infection leads to a severe impact on mice spleen and ileum, which are characterized by splenomegaly and edematous villi, respectively. We found that increased levels of itaconic acid were correlated with the presence of splenomegaly during infection and may play an important role in Salmonella-containing vacuole acidification. In addition, metabonomic analyses of urine displayed the development of salmonellosis in mice, which is characterized by dynamic changes in energy metabolism. Furthermore, we found that the presence of S. typhimurium activated an anti-oxidative response in infected mice. We also observed changes in the gut microbial co-metabolites (hippurate, TMAO, TMA, methylamine). This investigation sheds much needed light on the host鈥損athogen interactions of S. typhimurium, providing further information to deepen our understanding of the long co-evolution process between hosts and infective bacteria.

Keywords:

infectious disease; itaconic acid; metabonomics; NMR; Salmonella typhimurium