Environmental and Economic Impacts of Localizing Food Systems: The Case of Dairy Supply Chains in the Northeastern United States

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• 作者：Charles F. Nicholson ; Xi He ; Miguel I. G贸mez ; H. O. Gao ; Elaine Hill
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：October 20, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：49
• 期：20
• 页码：12005-12014
• 全文大小：357K
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

We developed and evaluated an empirical model of the U.S. dairy supply chain with a high degree of spatial and product disaggregation to assess the impacts of increasing localization of the northeast region鈥檚 fluid milk supply on food miles, supply chain costs, greenhouse gas and criteria pollutant emissions, economic activity, and employment. Evaluation included comparison to regional production values and sensitivity analysis of demand and unit cost assumptions. Our analysis compares a baseline to two localization scenarios based on state boundaries and multiple-state subregions. Localization scenarios increased total distances fluid milk traveled by 7鈥?5%, overall supply chain costs by 1鈥?%, and emissions of greenhouse gases (CO₂ equivalent) criteria pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 渭m associated with fluid milk transportation by 7鈥?5% per month. The impacts of localization on employment and economic activity are positive, but changes are small on a percentage basis. Our analyses indicate that the definition used for localization has an impact on outcomes and that efforts to localize food systems may benefit from a more systems-oriented approach.