A Fluorogenic Aryl Fluorosulfate for Intraorganellar Transthyretin Imaging in Living Cells and in Caenorhabditis elegans

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• 作者：Aleksandra Baranczak ; Yu Liu ; Stephen Connelly ; Wen-Ge Han Du ; Erin R. Greiner ; Joseph C. Genereux ; R. Luke Wiseman ; Yvonne S. Eisele ; Nadine C. Bradbury ; Jiajia Dong ; Louis Noodleman ; K. Barry Sharpless ; Ian A. Wilson ; Sandra E. Encalada ; Jeffery W. Kelly
• 刊名：Journal of the American Chemical Society
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：June 17, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：137
• 期：23
• 页码：7404-7414
• 全文大小：763K
• ISSN：1520-5126

文摘

Fluorogenic probes, due to their often greater spatial and temporal sensitivity in comparison to permanently fluorescent small molecules, represent powerful tools to study protein localization and function in the context of living systems. Herein, we report fluorogenic probe 4, a 1,3,4-oxadiazole designed to bind selectively to transthyretin (TTR). Probe 4 comprises a fluorosulfate group not previously used in an environment-sensitive fluorophore. The fluorosulfate functional group does not react covalently with TTR on the time scale required for cellular imaging, but does red shift the emission maximum of probe 4 in comparison to its nonfluorosulfated analogue. We demonstrate that probe 4 is dark in aqueous buffers, whereas the TTR路4 complex exhibits a fluorescence emission maximum at 481 nm. The addition of probe 4 to living HEK293T cells allows efficient binding to and imaging of exogenous TTR within intracellular organelles, including the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, live Caenorhabditis elegans expressing human TTR transgenically and treated with probe 4 display TTR路4 fluorescence in macrophage-like coelomocytes. An analogue of fluorosulfate probe 4 does react selectively with TTR without labeling the remainder of the cellular proteome. Studies on this analogue suggest that certain aryl fluorosulfates, due to their cell and organelle permeability and activatable reactivity, could be considered for the development of protein-selective covalent probes.