Comparative Venomics Reveals the Complex Prey Capture Strategy of the Piscivorous Cone Snail Conus catus

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• 作者：S. W. A. Himaya ; Ai-Hua Jin ; S茅bastien Dutertre ; Jean Giacomotto ; Hoshyar Mohialdeen ; Irina Vetter ; Paul F. Alewood ; Richard J. Lewis
• 刊名：Journal of Proteome Research
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：October 2, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：14
• 期：10
• 页码：4372-4381
• 全文大小：483K
• ISSN：1535-3907

文摘

Venomous marine cone snails produce a unique and remarkably diverse range of venom peptides (conotoxins and conopeptides) that have proven to be invaluable as pharmacological probes and leads to new therapies. Conus catus is a hook-and-line fish hunter from clade I, with 鈭?0 conotoxins identified, including the analgesic 蠅-conotoxin CVID (AM336). The current study unravels the venom composition of C. catus with tandem mass spectrometry and 454 sequencing data. From the venom gland transcriptome, 104 precursors were recovered from 11 superfamilies, with superfamily A (especially 魏A-) conotoxins dominating (77%) their venom. Proteomic analysis confirmed that 魏A-conotoxins dominated the predation-evoked milked venom of each of six C. catus analyzed and revealed remarkable intraspecific variation in both the intensity and type of conotoxins. High-throughput FLIPR assays revealed that the predation-evoked venom contained a range of conotoxins targeting the nAChR, Ca_v, and Na_v ion channels, consistent with 伪- and 蠅-conotoxins being used for predation by C. catus. However, the 魏A-conotoxins did not act at these targets but induced potent and rapid immobilization followed by bursts of activity and finally paralysis when injected intramuscularly in zebrafish. Our venomics approach revealed the complexity of the envenomation strategy used by C. catus, which contains a mix of both excitatory and inhibitory venom peptides.