Amorphous Phosphorus/Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Paper for Ultrastable Sodium-Ion Batteries

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• 作者：Chao Zhang ; Xi Wang ; Qifeng Liang ; Xizheng Liu ; Qunhong Weng ; Jiangwei Liu ; Yijun Yang ; Zhonghua Dai ; Kejian Ding ; Yoshio Bando ; Jie Tang ; Dmitri Golberg
• 刊名：Nano Letters
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 9, 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：16
• 期：3
• 页码：2054-2060
• 全文大小：480K
• ISSN：1530-6992

文摘

As the most promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), elemental phosphorus (P) has recently gained a lot of interest due to its extraordinary theoretical capacity of 2596 mAh/g. The main drawback of a P anode is its low conductivity and rapid structural degradation caused by the enormous volume expansion (>490%) during cycling. Here, we redesigned the anode structure by using an innovative methodology to fabricate flexible paper made of nitrogen-doped graphene and amorphous phosphorus that effectively tackles this problem. The restructured anode exhibits an ultrastable cyclic performance and excellent rate capability (809 mAh/g at 1500 mA/g). The excellent structural integrity of the novel anode was further visualized during cycling by using in situ experiments inside a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and the associated sodiation/desodiation mechanism was also thoroughly investigated. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that the N-doped graphene not only contributes to an increase in capacity for sodium storage but also is beneficial in regards to improved rate performance of the anode.