Seasonal and Diurnal Air Pollution from Residential Cooking and Space Heating in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

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• 作者：Ellison Carter ; Scott Archer-Nicholls ; Kun Ni ; Alexandra M. Lai ; Hongjiang Niu ; Matthew H. Secrest ; Sara M. Sauer ; James J. Schauer ; Majid Ezzati ; Christine Wiedinmyer ; Xudong Yang ; Jill Baumgartner
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：August 2, 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：50
• 期：15
• 页码：8353-8361
• 全文大小：476K
• 年卷期：0
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Residential combustion of solid fuel is a major source of air pollution. In regions where space heating and cooking occur at the same time and using the same stoves and fuels, evaluating air-pollution patterns for household-energy-use scenarios with and without heating is essential to energy intervention design and estimation of its population health impacts as well as the development of residential emission inventories and air-quality models. We measured continuous and 48 h integrated indoor PM_2.5 concentrations over 221 and 203 household-days and outdoor PM_2.5 concentrations on a subset of those days (in summer and winter, respectively) in 204 households in the eastern Tibetan Plateau that burned biomass in traditional stoves and open fires. Using continuous indoor PM_2.5 concentrations, we estimated mean daily hours of combustion activity, which increased from 5.4 h per day (95% CI: 5.0, 5.8) in summer to 8.9 h per day (95% CI: 8.1, 9.7) in winter, and effective air-exchange rates, which decreased from 18 ± 9 h^–1 in summer to 15 ± 7 h^–1 in winter. Indoor geometric-mean 48 h PM_2.5 concentrations were over two times higher in winter (252 μg/m³; 95% CI: 215, 295) than in summer (101 μg/m³; 95%: 91, 112), whereas outdoor PM_2.5 levels had little seasonal variability.