In Situ STEM-EELS Observation of Nanoscale Interfacial Phenomena in All-Solid-State Batteries

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• 作者：Ziying Wang ; Dhamodaran Santhanagopalan ; Wei Zhang ; Feng Wang ; Huolin L. Xin ; Kai He ; Juchuan Li ; Nancy Dudney ; Ying Shirley Meng
• 刊名：Nano Letters
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：June 8, 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：16
• 期：6
• 页码：3760-3767
• 全文大小：497K
• 年卷期：0
• ISSN：1530-6992

文摘

Behaviors of functional interfaces are crucial factors in the performance and safety of energy storage and conversion devices. Indeed, solid electrode–solid electrolyte interfacial impedance is now considered the main limiting factor in all-solid-state batteries rather than low ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte. Here, we present a new approach to conducting in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in order to uncover the unique interfacial phenomena related to lithium ion transport and its corresponding charge transfer. Our approach allowed quantitative spectroscopic characterization of a galvanostatically biased electrochemical system under in situ conditions. Using a LiCoO<sub>2sub>/LiPON/Si thin film battery, an unexpected structurally disordered interfacial layer between LiCoO<sub>2sub> cathode and LiPON electrolyte was discovered to be inherent to this interface without cycling. During in situ charging, spectroscopic characterization revealed that this interfacial layer evolved to form highly oxidized Co ions species along with lithium oxide and lithium peroxide species. These findings suggest that the mechanism of interfacial impedance at the LiCoO<sub>2sub>/LiPON interface is caused by chemical changes rather than space charge effects. Insights gained from this technique will shed light on important challenges of interfaces in all-solid-state energy storage and conversion systems and facilitate improved engineering of devices operated far from equilibrium.