Self-Templating Construction of 3D Hierarchical Macro-/Mesoporous Silicon from 0D Silica Nanoparticles

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• 作者：Xiuxia Zuo ; Yonggao XiaQing Ji ; Xiang Gao ; Shanshan Yin ; Meimei Wang ; Xiaoyan Wang ; Bao Qiu ; Anxiang Wei ; Zaicheng Sun ; Zhaoping Liu ; Jin Zhu ; Ya-Jun Cheng
• 刊名：ACS Nano
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：January 24, 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：11
• 期：1
• 页码：889-899
• 全文大小：684K
• ISSN：1936-086X

文摘

Porous silicon has found wide applications in many different fields including catalysis and lithium-ion batteries. Three-dimensional hierarchical macro-/mesoporous silicon is synthesized from zero-dimensional Stöber silica particles through a facile and scalable magnesiothermic reduction process. By systematic structure characterization of the macro-/mesoporous silicon, a self-templating mechanism governing the formation of the porous silicon is proposed. Applications as lithium-ion battery anode and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution catalyst are demonstrated. It is found that the macro-/mesoporous silicon shows significantly improved cyclic and rate performance over the commercial nanosized and micrometer-sized silicon particles. After 300 cycles at 0.2 A g^–1, the reversible specific capacity is still retained as much as 959 mAh g^–1 with a high mass loading density of 1.4 mg cm^–2. With the large current density of 2 A g^–1, a reversible capacity of 632 mAh g^–1 is exhibited. The coexistence of both macro- and mesoporous structures is responsible for the enhanced performance. The macro-/mesoporous silicon also shows superior catalytic performance for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution compared to the silicon nanoparticles.