Naked-Eye Visible Solid Illicit Drug Detection at Picogram Level via a Multiple-Anchored Fluorescent Probe

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• 作者：Tianchi Fan ; Wei Xu ; Junjun Yao ; Zinuo Jiao ; Yanyan Fu ; Defeng Zhu ; Qingguo He ; Huimin Cao ; Jiangong Cheng
• 刊名：ACS Sensor
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 25, 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：1
• 期：3
• 页码：312-317
• 全文大小：525K
• ISSN：2379-3694

文摘

Solid-state fluorescence probes, without the disadvantages of the existing probe in solution or any pretreatment needed for the analytes, are in great need for the detection of abused drugs. The abused drugs exist as salts, which have low reactivity and volatility, so there is a big challenge for the detection using the solid fluorescence sensing method. In this work, for the first time, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective solid-state fluorescence probe—an intramolecular dimer of eight benzyl alcohol-substituted fluorenes bridged by a 1,6-hexanyl unit (8BA-2F)—has been designed, synthesized, and used in a contact mode for ketamine and methylamphetamine detection without the pretreatment of the drugs. Upon contact with the drugs in different concentrations, the emission will show a different emission color, which could be visible with the naked eye. Even 50 pg/cm² ketamine could be detected by the naked eye. Theoretical calculation indicates that there is strong hydrogen bonding interaction between the eight −PhCH₂OH and −NH₂⁺–, which induced a large steric configuration change of 8BA-2F, resulting in significantly enhanced fluorescence at 398 nm, while the emission at 463 nm showed less change. Therefore, the ratio change of the emission band peaked at 398 and 463 nm, triggered by a different amount of the drug molecules resulting in a different emission color. Together with the characteristics of the dimer such as multiple active sites, moderate interaction force, high steric hindrance related to easy penetration of the drug, the probe showed a sensitive, selective, and rapid sensing performance.