Leaves of / Phyllanthus singampattiana, locally known as Aathuchadai by the Kanis of Tamil Nadu in India is consumed for curing jaundice, diarrhea and dysentery. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavones and triterpenes in all the solvent extracts, coumarins and steroids in hexane and chloroform extracts, quinine, alkaloids, lignins and phenols in chloroform and methanol extracts and proteins, saponins, starch, sugar and tannin in methanol extract. Isolation yielded friedelin, epi-friedelinol, n-octacosanol, α-amyrin, β-sitosterol, luteolin and β-sitosterol-3β-D-glucopyranoside. The aqueous and solvent extracts when tested against 11 gram-negative and 2 gram-positive bacteria and 3 fungi expressed activity to most of the organisms. Activity was not recorded for hexane extract, against / A. niger and / A. flavus (except methanol extract) and against / S. aureus in lower concentration of chloroform extract. Methanol extract showed more activity amongst all the solvent extracts, particularly remarkable activity recorded against gram-positive bacteria. Activity against diarrhea and dysentery causing organisms such as / A. hydrophila, E. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, P. vulgaris, S. enteritidis, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and / V. vulnificus substantiated the claims of the ethnic uses. Activity against / C. albicans indicates the possibility to develop drugs for skin diseases.