Humans, bees, and pollination services in the city: the case of Chicago, IL (USA)

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• 作者：David M. Lowenstein (1)
  Kevin C. Matteson (1) (2)
  Iyan Xiao (3)
  Alexandra M. Silva (1)
  Emily S. Minor (1) (4)
  
• 关键词：Pollinators ; Human ; environment interactions ; Urban ; Floral visitation ; Floral resources ; Ecosystem service
• 刊名：Biodiversity and Conservation
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：October 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：23
• 期：11
• 页码：2857-2874
• 全文大小：710 KB
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• 作者单位：David M. Lowenstein (1)
  Kevin C. Matteson (1) (2)
  Iyan Xiao (3)
  Alexandra M. Silva (1)
  Emily S. Minor (1) (4)
  
  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street (M/C 066), Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
  2. Department of Biology, Miami University, 27 Peabody Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
  3. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People鈥檚 Republic of China
  4. Institute for Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
  
• ISSN：1572-9710

文摘

Despite the global trend in urbanization, little is known about patterns of biodiversity or provisioning of ecosystem services in urban areas. Bee communities and the pollination services they provide are important in cities, both for small-scale urban agriculture and native gardens. To better understand this important ecological issue, we examined bee communities, their response to novel floral resources, and their potential to provide pollination services in 25 neighborhoods across Chicago, IL (USA). In these neighborhoods, we evaluated how local floral resources, socioeconomic factors, and surrounding land cover affected abundance, richness, and community composition of bees active in summer. We also quantified species-specific body pollen loads and visitation frequencies to potted flowering purple coneflower plants (Echinacea purpurea) to estimate potential pollination services in each neighborhood. We documented 37 bee species and 79 flowering plant genera across all neighborhoods, with 8 bee species and 14 flowering plant genera observed on average along each neighborhood block. We found that both bee abundance and richness increased in neighborhoods with higher human population density, as did visitation to purple coneflower flower heads. In more densely populated neighborhoods, bee communities shifted to a suite of species that carry more pollen and are more active pollinators in this system, including the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) and native species such as Agapostemon virescens. More densely populated neighborhoods also had a greater diversity of flowering plants, suggesting that the positive relationship between people and bees was mediated by the effect of people on floral resources. Other environmental variables that were important for bee communities included the amount of grass/herbaceous cover and solar radiation in the surrounding area. Our results indicate that bee communities and pollination services can be maintained in dense urban neighborhoods with single-family and multi-family homes, as long as those neighborhoods contain diverse and abundant floral resources.