参考文献:1. Bajeux-Besnainou, I., Bandara, W., Bura, E.: A Krylov subspace approach to large portfolio optimization. J. Econ. Dynam. Control 36(11), 1688鈥?699 (2012) CrossRef 2. Bauwens, L., Laurent, S., Rombouts, J.V.K.: Multivariate GARCH models: a survey. J. Appl. Econ. 21(1), 79鈥?09 (2006) CrossRef 3. Bhattacharya, P., Thomakos, D.D.: Improving forecasting performance by window and model averaging. Quantf Research, Working Paper Series, Forthcoming, 2011 4. Chan, L.K.C., Karceski, J., Lakonishok, J.: On portfolio optimization: forecasting covariances and choosing the risk model. Rev. Financial Stud. 12(5), 937鈥?74 (1999) CrossRef 5. Clark, T.E., McCracken, M.W.: Improving forecast accuracy by combining recursive and rolling forecasts. Int. Econ. Rev. 50(2), 363鈥?95 (2009) CrossRef 6. DeMiguel, V., Garlappi, L., Uppal, R.: Optimal versus naive diversification: how inefficient is the 1/N portfolio strategy? Rev. Financ. Stud. 22(5), 1915鈥?953 (2007) CrossRef 7. DeMiguel, V., Garlappi, L., Nogales, F.J., Uppal, R.: A generalized approach to portfolio optimization: improving performance by constraining portfolio norms. Manag. Sci. 55(5), 798鈥?12 (2009) CrossRef 8. Engle, R.: Dynamic conditional correlation: a simple class of multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models. J. Bus. Econ. Stat. 20(3), 339鈥?50 (2002) CrossRef 9. Fan, J., Fan, Y., Lv, J.: High dimensional covariance matrix estimation using a factor model. J. Econ. 147, 186鈥?97 (2008) CrossRef 10. Huo, L., Tae-Hwan, K., Kim, Y.: Robust estimation of covariance and its application to portfolio optimization. Finance Res. Lett. 9(3), 121鈥?34 (2012) CrossRef 11. Jagannathan, R., Ma, T.: Risk reduction in large portfolios: why imposing the wrong constraints helps. J. Finance 50(4), 1651鈥?684 (2003) CrossRef 12. Khan, R., Zhou, G.: Optimal portfolio choice with parameter uncertainty. J. Financial Quant. Anal. 42, 621鈥?56 (2007) CrossRef 13. Kourtis, A., Dotsis, G., Markellos, R.N.: Parameter uncertainty in portfolio selection: shrinking the inverse covariance matrix. J. Bank. Finance 36(9), 2522鈥?531 (2012) CrossRef 14. Kwan, C.C.Y.: Estimation error in the average correlation of security returns and shrinkage estimation of covariance and correlation matrices. Finance Res. Lett. 5, 236鈥?44 (2008) CrossRef 15. Ledoit, O., Santa-Clara, P., Wolf, M.: Flexible multivariate GARCH modeling with an application to international stock markets. Rev. Econ. Stat. 85, 735鈥?47 (2003) CrossRef 16. Ledoit, O., Wolf, M.: Improved estimation for the covariance matrix of stock returns with an application to portfolio selection. J. Empir. Finance 10(5), 603鈥?21 (2003) CrossRef 17. Ledoit, O., Wolf, M.: Honey, I shrunk the sample covariance matrix. J. Portf. Manag. 31(1), 110鈥?19 (2004) CrossRef 18. Markowitz, H.: Portfolio selection. J. Finance 7, 77鈥?1 (1952) 19. Martellini, L., Ziemann, V.: Improved estimates of higher-order comoments and implications for portfolio selection. Rev. Financial Stud. 23鈥?, 1467鈥?502 (2010) CrossRef 20. Patton, A.J., Sheppard, K.: Evaluating volatility and correlation forecasts. In: Handbook of Financial Time Series Analysis, pp. 801鈥?38. Springer, Berlin (2009). 21. Pelletier, D.: Regime switching for dynamic correlations. J. Econom. 131(1鈥?), 445鈥?73 (2006) CrossRef 22. Pesaran, M.H., Schuermann, T., Smith, L.V.: Forecasting economic and financial variables with global VARs. Int. J. Forecast. 25(4), 642鈥?75 (2009) CrossRef 23. Rossi, B., Inoue, A.: Out-of-sample forecast tests robust to the choice of window size. J. Bus. Econ. Stat. 30(3), 432鈥?53 (2012) CrossRef 24. Silvennoinen, A., Terasvirta, T.: Modeling multivariate autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity with the double smooth transition conditional correlation GARCH model. J. Financ. Econ. 7(4), 373鈥?11 (2009) 25. Wang, Z.: A shrinkage approach to model uncertainty and asset allocation. Rev. Financ. Stud. 18(2), 673鈥?05 (2005) CrossRef
刊物主题:Business/Management Science, general; Finance/Investment/Banking; Management/Business for Professionals;
出版者:Springer US
ISSN:1555-497X
文摘
We propose a new method for estimating the covariance matrix of a multivariate time series of financial returns. The method is based on estimating sample covariances from overlapping windows of observations which are then appropriately weighted to obtain the final covariance estimate. We extend the idea of (model) covariance averaging offered in the covariance shrinkage approach by means of greater ease of use, flexibility and robustness in averaging information over different data segments. The suggested approach does not suffer from the curse of dimensionality and can be used without problems of either approximation or any demand for numerical optimization.