Postmagmatic magnetite鈥揳patite assemblage in mafic intrusions: a case study of dolerite at Olympic Dam, South Australia

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• 作者：Olga B. Apukhtina ; Vadim S. Kamenetsky…
• 关键词：IOCG deposits ; Olympic Dam ; Mafic magmatism ; Colloform magnetite ; Hydrothermal alteration ; Radiogenic isotopes
• 刊名：Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：171
• 期：1
• 全文大小：6,678 KB
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• 作者单位：Olga B. Apukhtina (1)
  Vadim S. Kamenetsky (1)
  Kathy Ehrig (2)
  Maya B. Kamenetsky (1)
  Jocelyn McPhie (1)
  Roland Maas (3)
  Sebastien Meffre (1)
  Karsten Goemann (4)
  Thomas Rodemann (4)
  Nigel J. Cook (5)
  Cristiana L. Ciobanu (5)
  
  1. School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
  2. BHP Billiton Olympic Dam, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
  3. School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
  4. Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
  5. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geology
  Mineral Resources
  Mineralogy
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0967

文摘

An assemblage of magnetite and apatite is common worldwide in different ore deposit types, including disparate members of the iron-oxide copper鈥揼old (IOCG) clan. The Kiruna-type iron oxide-apatite deposits, a subtype of the IOCG family, are recognized as economic targets as well. A wide range of competing genetic models exists for magnetite鈥揳patite deposits, including magmatic, magmatic-hydrothermal, hydrothermal(-metasomatic), and sedimentary(-exhalative). The sources and mechanisms of transport and deposition of Fe and P remain highly debatable. This study reports petrographic and geochemical features of the magnetite鈥揳patite-rich vein assemblages in the dolerite dykes of the Gairdner Dyke Swarm (~0.82 Ga) that intruded the Roxby Downs Granite (~0.59 Ga), the host of the supergiant Olympic Dam IOCG deposit. These symmetrical, only few mm narrow veins are prevalent in such dykes and comprise besides usually colloform magnetite and prismatic apatite also further minerals (e.g., calcite, quartz). The genetic relationships between the veins and host dolerite are implied based on alteration in the immediate vicinity (~4 mm) of the veins. In particular, Ti-magnetite鈥搃lmenite is partially to completely transformed to titanite and magmatic apatite disappears. We conclude that the mafic dykes were a local source of Fe and P re-concentrated in the magnetite鈥揳patite veins. Uranium-Pb ages for vein apatite and titanite associated with the vein in this case study suggest that alteration of the dolerite and healing of the fractures occurred shortly after dyke emplacement. We propose that in this particular case the origin of the magnetite鈥揳patite assemblage is clearly related to hydrothermal alteration of the host mafic magmatic rocks. Keywords IOCG deposits Olympic Dam Mafic magmatism Colloform magnetite Hydrothermal alteration Radiogenic isotopes