Main controlling factors and enrichment area evaluation of shale gas of the Lower Paleozoic marine strata in south China

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Xian-Ming Xiao ; Qiang Wei ; Hai-Feng Gai ; Teng-Fei Li ; Mao-Lin Wang&#8230
• 关键词：Lower Paleozoic shale gas ; Maturity ; Main controlling factors ; Tectonic deformation
• 刊名：Petroleum Science
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：November 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：12
• 期：4
• 页码：573-586
• 全文大小：944 KB
• 参考文献：Boyer C, Kieschnick J, Suarez-Rivera R, et al. Producing gas from its source. Oilfield Rev. 2006;18:36鈥?9.
  Burnaman M, Xia WW, Shelton J. Shale gas play screening and evaluation criteria. China Pet Explor. 2009;14:51鈥?4.
  Buller D, Dix MC. Petrophysical evaluation of the Haynesville shale in northwest Louisiana and northeast Texas. Gulf Coast Assoc Geol Soc Trans. 2009;59:127鈥?3.
  Cander H. Sweet spots in shale gas and liquids plays: prediction of fluid composition and reservoir pressure. AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition, Long Beach, California, April 22鈥?5, 2012.
  Chalmers GR, Bustin RM. Lower Cretaceous gas shales in northeastern British Columbia, Part I: geological controls on methane sorption capacity. Bull Can Pet Geol. 2008;56(1):1鈥?1.CrossRef
  Chalmers GR, Bustin RM, Power IM. Characterization of gas shale pore systems by porosimetry, pycnometry, surface area, and field emission scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy image analyses: examples from the Barnett, Woodford, Haynesville, Marcellus, and Doig units. AAPG Bull. 2012;96(6):1099鈥?19.CrossRef
  Chen J, Xiao XM. Evolution of nanoporosity in organic-rich shales during thermal maturation. Fuel. 2014;129:173鈥?1.CrossRef
  Cheng P, Xiao XM. Gas content of organic-rich shales with very high maturities. J China Coal Soc. 2013;8(5):737鈥?1 (in Chinese).
  Curtis JB, Hill DG, Lillis PG. US Shale gas resources: classic and emerging plays, the resource pyramid and a perspective on future E&P. Prepared for presentation at AAPG Annual Convention. San Antonio, Texas. April 20鈥?3, 2008.
  Curtis JB, Jarvie DM, Ferworn KA. Applied geology and geochemistry of gas shales. AAPG Conference 2009, Denver Colorado, 2009.
  Curtis JB. Fractured shale-gas systems. AAPG Bull. 2002;86:1921鈥?8.
  Curtis ME, Ambrose RJ, Sondergeld CH, et al. Structural characterization of gas shales on the micro- and nano-scales. Canadian Unconventional Resources and International Petroleum Conference, 19鈥?1 October, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE 137693), pp. 1鈥?5, 2010.
  Curtis ME, Cardott BJ, Sondergeld CH, et al. Development of organic porosity in the Woodford Shale with increasing thermal maturity. Int J Coal Geol. 2012;103:26鈥?1.CrossRef
  Deng B, Liu SG, Liu S, et al. Restoration of exhumation thickness and its significance in Sichuan Basin, China. J Chengdu Univ Technol (Sci Technol Edn). 2009;36(6):675鈥?6 (in Chinese).
  Fishman NS, Hackley PC, Lowers HA, et al. The nature of porosity in organic-rich mudstones of the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation, North Sea, offshore United Kingdom. Int J Coal Geol. 2012;103:32鈥?0.CrossRef
  Guo XS. Rules of two-factor enrichment for marine shale gas in southern China鈥擴nderstanding from the Longmaxi Formation shale gas in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding area. Acta Geol Sin. 2014;88(7):1209鈥?8 (in Chinese).
  Guo XS, Hu DF, Li YP, et al. Geological features and reservoiring mode of shale gas reservoirs in Longmaxi Formation of the Jiaoshiba Area. Acta Geol Sin. 2014;88(6):1811鈥?1.CrossRef
  Guo TL, Liu RB. Implications from marine shale gas exploration breakthrough in complicated structural area at high thermal stage: taking Longmaxi Formation in well JY1 as an example. Nat Gas Geosci. 2013;24(4):643鈥?1 (in Chinese).
  Guo TL, Zhang HR. Formation and enrichment mode of Jiaoshiba shale gas field, Sichuan Basin. Pet Explor Dev. 2014;41(1):28鈥?6 (in Chinese).CrossRef
  Hill DG, Nelson CR. Gas productive fractured shales鈥攁n overview and update. Gas Tips. 2000;6(2):4鈥?3.
  Hu DF, Zhang HR, Ni K, et al. Main controlling factors for gas preservation conditions of marine shales in southeastern margins of the Sichuan Basin. Nat Gas Ind. 2014;34(6):17鈥?3 (in Chinese).
  Huang JL, Zou CN, Li JZ, et al. Shale gas accumulation conditions and favorable zones of Silurian Longmaxi Formation in south Sichuan Basin, China. J China Coal Soc. 2012a;37(5):782鈥? (in Chinese).
  Huang JL, Zou CN, Li JZ, et al. Shale gas generation and potential of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in southern Sichuan Basin, China. Pet Explor Dev. 2012b;39(1):69鈥?5 (in Chinese).CrossRef
  Huang L, Shen W. Characteristics and controlling factors of the formation of pores of a shale gas reservoir: a case study from Longmaxi Formation of the Upper Yangtze region, China. Earth Sci Front. 2015;22(1):374鈥?5 (in Chinese).
  Hammes U, Hamlin S, Eastwood R. Facies characteristics, depositional environments, and petrophysical characteristics of the Haynesville and Bossier shale-gas plays of east Texas and northwest Louisiana. Houston Geol Soc Bull. 2010;52(9):59鈥?3.
  Jarvie DM, Hill RJ, Ruble TE, et al. Unconventional shale-gas systems: the Mississippian Barnett Shale of north central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale gas assessment. AAPG Bull. 2007;91(4):475鈥?9.CrossRef
  Li LJ, Yang F, Sun CM, et al. Tectonic movement and lower Silurian shale gas exploration potential in the southeast of Chongqing and west of Hunan and Hubei areas. J Oil Gas Technol. 2013a;35(4):68鈥?1 (in Chinese).
  Li XT, Shi WR, Guo MY, et al. Characteristics of marine shale gas reservoirs in the Jiaoshiba area of Fuling shale gas field. J Oil Gas Technol. 2014;36(11):11鈥? (in Chinese).
  Li YJ, Liu H, Zhang LH, et al. Lower limits of evaluation parameters for the lower Paleozoic Longmaxi shale gas in southern Sichuan Province. Sci China Earth Sci. 2013b;56(5):710鈥?.CrossRef
  Li YF, Fan TL, Gao ZQ, et al. Sequence stratigraphy of Silurian black shale and its distribution in the southeast area of Chongqing. Nat Gas Geosci. 2012;23(2):299鈥?06 (in Chinese).
  Liang DG, Guo TL, Chen JP, et al. Some progresses on studies of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in marine sedimentary regions, southern China (Part 2): geochemical characteristics of four suits of regional marine source rocks, south China. Mar Origin Pet Geol. 2009;14(1):1鈥?5 (in Chinese).
  Liang DG, Guo TL, Chen JP, et al. Some progresses on studies of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in marine sedimentary regions, southern China (Part 1): distribution of four suits of regional marine source rocks. Mar Origin Pet Geol. 2008;13(2):1鈥?6 (in Chinese).
  Loucks RG, Reed RM, Ruppel SC, et al. Morphology, genesis, and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett Shale. J Sediment Res. 2009;79(12):848鈥?1.CrossRef
  Ma YS, Lou ZH, Guo TL, et al. An exploration on a technological system of petroleum preservation evaluation for marine strata in south China. Acta Geol Sin. 2006;80(3):406鈥?7 (in Chinese).
  Ma C, Ning N, Wang HY, et al. Exploration prospect of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation shale gas in the west of Hunan and the east of Guizhou area. Spec Oil Gas Reserv. 2014;21(1):38鈥?1 (in Chinese).
  Mastalerz M, Schimmelmann A, Drobniak A, et al. Porosity of Devonian and Mississippian New Albany Shale across a maturation gradient: insights from organic petrology, gas adsorption, and mercury intrusion. AAPG Bull. 2013;97:1621鈥?3.CrossRef
  Mei LF, Liu ZQ, Tang JG, et al. Mesozoic intra-continental progressive deformation in western Hunan鈥揌ubei鈥揺astern Sichuan provinces of China: evidence from apatite fission track and balanced cross-section. Earth Sci. 2010;35(2):161鈥?4 (in Chinese).
  Milliken KL, Esch WL, Reed RM, et al. Grain assemblages and strong diagenetic overprinting in siliceous mudrocks, Barnett Shale (Mississippian), Fort Worth Basin, Texas. AAPG Bull. 2012;96(9):1553鈥?8.CrossRef
  Milliken KL, Rudnicki M, Awwiller DN, et al. Organic matter-hosted pore system, Marcellus Formation (Devonian), Pennsylvania. AAPG Bull. 2013;97(2):177鈥?00.CrossRef
  Modica CJ, Lapierre SG. Estimation of kerogen porosity in source rocks as a function of thermal transformation: example from the Mowry Shale in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming. AAPG Bull. 2012;96(1):87鈥?08.CrossRef
  Nie HK, Tang X, Bian RK. Controlling factors for shale gas accumulation and prediction of potential development area in shale gas reservoir of south China. Acta Pet Sin. 2009;30(4):484鈥?1 (in Chinese).
  Nie HK, He FQ, Bao SJ. Peculiar geological characteristics of shale gas in China and its exploration countermeasures. Nat Gas Ind. 2011;31(11):111鈥? (in Chinese).
  Pan L, Xiao XM, Tian H, et al. A preliminary study on the characterization and controlling factors of porosity and pore structure of the Permian shales in Lower Yangtze region, Eastern China. Int J Coal Geol. 2015;146:68鈥?8.CrossRef
  Ross DJK, Bustin RM. Shale gas potential of the Lower Jurassic Gordondale Member, northeastern British Columbia, Canada. Bull Can Pet Geol. 2007;55(1):51鈥?5.CrossRef
  Ross DJK, Bustin RM. Characterizing the shale gas resource potential of Devonian Mississippian strata in the Western Canada sedimentary basin: application of an integrated formation evaluation. AAPG Bull. 2008;92:87鈥?25.CrossRef
  Ross DJK, Bustin RM. The importance of shale composition and pore structure upon gas storage potential of shale gas reservoirs. Mar Pet Geol. 2009;26(6):916鈥?7.CrossRef
  Song Y, Zhao MJ, Liu SB, et al. The influence of tectonic evolution on the accumulation and enrichment of coalbed methane (CBM). Chin Sci Bull. 2005;50(supp.):1鈥?.CrossRef
  Song Y, Liu SB, Zhao MJ, et al. Coalbed gas reservoirs: boundary types, main controlling factors of gas pooling, and forecast of gas-rich areas. Nat Gas Ind. 2009;29(10):4鈥? (in Chinese).
  Tang LJ, Cui M. Key tectonic changes, deformation styles and hydrocarbon preservation in middle-upper Yangtze region. Pet Geol Exp. 2011;33(1):12鈥? (in Chinese).
  Tian H, Pan L, Xiao XM, et al. A preliminary study on the pore characterization of Lower Silurian black shales in the Chuandong Thrust Fold Belt, southwestern China using low pressure N2 adsorption and FE-SEM methods. Mar Pet Geol. 2013;48:8鈥?9.CrossRef
  Tian H, Pan L, Zhang TW, et al. Pore characterization of organic-rich Lower Cambrian shales in Qiannan Depression of Guizhou Province, Southwestern China. Mar Pet Geol. 2015;62:28鈥?3.CrossRef
  Tu Y, Zou HY, Meng HP, et al. Evaluation criteria and classification of shale gas reservoirs. Oil Gas Geol. 2014;35(1):153鈥? (in Chinese).
  U. S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). World shale gas resources: An initial assessment of 14 regions outside the United States [EB/OL]. 2011-04-05. http://鈥媤ww.鈥媏ia.鈥媑ov .
  U. S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Technically recoverable shale oil and shale gas resources: An assessment of 137 shale formations in 41 countries outside the United States [EB/OL]. 2013-06-13. http://鈥媤ww.鈥媏ia.鈥媑ov .
  Valenza JJ, Drenzek N, Marques F, et al. Geochemical controls on shale microstructure. Geology. 2013;41(5):611鈥?.CrossRef
  Wang FY, Guan J, Feng WP, et al. Evolution of overmature marine shale porosity and implication to the free gas volume. Pet Explor Dev. 2013a;40(6):819鈥?4.CrossRef
  Wang HY, Liu YZ, Dong DZ, et al. Scientific issues on effective development of marine shale gas in southern China. Pet Explor Dev. 2013b;40(5):574鈥?.CrossRef
  Wang YF, Xiao XM. An investigation of paleogeothermal gradients in the northeastern area of the Sichuan Basin. Mar Orig Petrol Geol. 2010;15(4):57-61 (in Chinese).
  Wang YM, Dong DZ, Li JZ, et al. Reservoir characteristics of shale gas in Longmaxi Formation of the Lower Silurian, southern Sichuan. Acta Pet Sin. 2012a;33(4):551鈥?1 (in Chinese).CrossRef
  Wang LS, Zou CY, Zheng P, et al. Geochemical evidence of shale gas existed in the Lower Paleozoic Sichuan Basin. Nat Gas Ind. 2009a;29(5):59鈥?2 (in Chinese).
  Wang SJ, Yang T, Zhang GS, et al. Shale gas enrichment factors and the selection and evaluation of the core area. Chin Eng Sci. 2012b;14(6):94鈥?00 (in Chinese).
  Wang SQ, Wang SY, Man L, et al. Appraisal method and key parameters for screening shale gas play. J Chengdu Univ Technol (Sci Technol Edn). 2013c;40(6):609鈥?0 (in Chinese).
  Wang SQ. Shale gas exploration and appraisal in China: problems and discussion. Nat Gas Ind. 2013;33(2):13鈥?9 (in Chinese).
  Wang SQ, Chen GS, Dong DZ, et al. Accumulation conditions and exploration prospects of shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic Sichuan Basin. Nat Gas Ind. 2009b;29(5):51鈥? (in Chinese).
  Wang ZG. Practice and cognition of shale gas horizontal well fracturing stimulation in Jiaoshiba of Fuling area. Oil Gas Geol. 2014;35(3):425鈥?0 (in Chinese).
  Wei XH, Wang T, Li C, et al. Exploration prospect of shale gas in complex geological areas, southeastern Chongqing. Nat Gas Technol Econ. 2014;8(1):24鈥?2 (in Chinese).
  Wei ZH, Wei XF. Comparison of gas-bearing property between different pore types of shale: a case from the Upper Ordovician Wufeng and Longmaxi formations in the Jiaoshiba area, Sichuan Basin. Nat Gas Ind. 2014;34(6):37鈥?1 (in Chinese).
  Xiao XM, Song ZG, Zhu YM, et al. Summary of shale gas research in North American and revelations to shale gas exploration of Lower Paleozoic strata in China south area. J China Coal Soc. 2013;38(5):721鈥? (in Chinese).
  Yan DP, Wang XW, Liu YY. Analysis of fold style and its formation mechanism in the area of boundary among Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan. Geoscience. 2000;14(1):37鈥?3 (in Chinese).
  Yi TS, Zhao X. Characteristics and distribution patterns of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang shale reservoirs in Guizhou, China. Nat Gas Ind. 2014;34(8):8鈥?4 (in Chinese).
  Yu C, Nie HK, Zeng CL, et al. Shale reservoir space characteristics and the effect on gas content in Lower Palaeozoic Erathem of the eastern Sichuan Basin. Acta Geol Sin. 2014;88(7):1311鈥?0 (in Chinese).
  Yu ZG. Introduction to shale gas exploration and development in the Sichuan Basin. 973 Program (2012CB214700) Academic Exchange Symposium. In August, 2014. Lanzhou, China.
  Zagorski WA, Bowman DC, Emery M, et al. An overview of some key factors controlling well productivity in core areas of the Appalachian Basin Marcellus Shale play. AAPG Annual convention and exhibition, Houston, Texas, USA, oral presentation, 2011.
  Zhang DW, Li YX, Zhang JC, et al. Nation-wide shale gas resource potential survey and assessment. Beijing: Geological Publishing House; 2012 (in Chinese).
  Zhou QH, Song N, Wang CZ, et al. Geological evaluation and exploration prospect of Huayuan shale gas block in Hunan Province. Nat Gas Geosci. 2014a;25(1):130鈥? (in Chinese).
  Zhou Q, Xiao XM, Tian H, et al. Modeling free gas content of the Lower Paleozoic shales in the Weiyuan area of the Sichuan Basin, China. Mar Pet Geol. 2014b;56:87鈥?6.CrossRef
  Zou CN, Dong DZ, Wang SJ, et al. Geological characteristics, formation mechanism and resource potential of shale gas in China. Pet Explor Dev. 2010;37(6):641鈥?3 (in Chinese).CrossRef
  Zou CN, Du JH, Xu CC, et al. Formation, distribution, resource potential and discovery of the Sinian鈥擟ambrian giant gas field, Sichuan Basin, SW China. Pet Explor Dev. 2014;41(3):278鈥?3 (in Chinese).CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Xian-Ming Xiao (1)
  Qiang Wei (1) (2)
  Hai-Feng Gai (1)
  Teng-Fei Li (1) (2)
  Mao-Lin Wang (1) (2)
  Lei Pan (1) (2)
  Ji Chen (1) (2)
  Hui Tian (1)
  
  1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
  
• 刊物主题：Mineral Resources; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Industrial and Production Engineering; Energy Economics;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1995-8226

文摘

The Lower Paleozoic shale in south China has a very high maturity and experienced strong tectonic deformation. This character is quite different from the North America shale and has inhibited the shale gas evaluation and exploration in this area. The present paper reports a comprehensive investigation of maturity, reservoir properties, fluid pressure, gas content, preservation conditions, and other relevant aspects of the Lower Paleozoic shale from the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas. It is found that within the main maturity range (2.5 % < EqR _o < 3.5 %) of the shale, its porosity develops well, having a positive correlation with the TOC content, and its gas content is controlled mainly by the preservation conditions related to the tectonic deformation, but shale with a super high maturity (EqR _o > 3.5 %) is considered a high risk for shale gas exploration. Taking the southern area of the Sichuan Basin and the southeastern area of Chongqing as examples of uplifted/folded and faulted/folded areas, respectively, geological models of shale gas content and loss were proposed. For the uplifted/folded area with a simple tectonic deformation, the shale system (with a depth > 2000 m) has largely retained overpressure during uplifting without a great loss of gas, and an industrial shale gas potential is generally possible. However, for the faulted/folded area with a strong tectonic deformation, the sealing condition of the shale system was usually destroyed to a certain degree with a great loss of free gas, which decreased the pressure coefficient and resulted in a low production capacity. It is predicted that the deeply buried shale (>3000 m) has a greater gas potential and will become the focus for further exploration and development in most of the south China region (outside the Sichuan Basin). Keywords Lower Paleozoic shale gas Maturity Main controlling factors Tectonic deformation