用户名: 密码: 验证码:
A review of atmospheric electricity research in China
详细信息    查看全文
  • 作者:Xiushu Qie (1)
    Yijun Zhang (2)
    Tie Yuan (3)
    Qilin Zhang (4)
    Tinglong Zhang (5)
    Baoyou Zhu (6)
    Weitao Lu (2)
    Ming Ma (6)
    Jing Yang (1)
    Yunjun Zhou (7)
    Guili Feng (8)
  • 关键词:atmospheric electricity ; lightning physics ; rocket ; triggered lightning ; thunderstorm charge structure ; lightning location techniques
  • 刊名:Advances in Atmospheric Sciences
  • 出版年:2015
  • 出版时间:February 2015
  • 年:2015
  • 卷:32
  • 期:2
  • 页码:169-191
  • 全文大小:244 KB
  • 参考文献:1. Cao, D. J., G. S. Zhang, T. Zhang, and Y. H. Wang, 2008: Analyses on VHF radiation of Cloud-to-Ground flashes in Pingliang loess plateau. / Plateau Meteorology, 27(2), 365鈥?72. (in Chinese)
    2. Cao, D. J., X. S. Qie, S. Duan, Y. J. Xuan, and D. F. Wang, 2012: Lightning discharge process based on short-baseline lightning VHF radiation source locating system. / Acta Physica Sinica, 61(6), 069202. (in Chinese)
    3. Chen, C. P., X. S. Qie, Q. Zhang, G. S. Zhang, and T. Zhang, 2005: Analysis of VHF radiations of discharging of Cloud-to-Ground flashes. / Proceedings of the CSEE, 25(19), 122鈥?26. (in Chinese)
    4. Cui, H., X. Qie, Q. Zhang, T. Zhang, G. Zhang, and J. Yang, 2009: Intracloud discharge and the correlated basic charge structure of a thunderstorm in Zhongchuan, a Chinese Inland Plateau region. / Atmospheric Research, 91(2鈥?), 425鈥?29.
    5. Dai, J., and Coauthors, 2009: A comparison of lightning activity and convective indices over some monsoon-prone areas of China. / Atmospheric Research, 91, 438鈥?52.
    6. Dong, W. S., X. S. Liu, Y. Yu, and Y. J. Zhang, 2001: Broadband interferometer observations of a triggered lightning. / Chinese Sci. Bull., 46(18), 1561鈥?565.
    7. Dong, W. S., X. S. Liu, Y. J. Zhang, and G. S. Zhang, 2002: Observations on the leader-return stroke of cloud-to-ground lightning with the broadband interferometer. / Sci. China: Earth Sci., 45(3), 259鈥?69.
    8. Dong, W. S., X. S. Liu, C. X. Chen, Y. J. Zhang, and H. B. Wang, 2003: Broadband interferometer observations of the bi-directional breakdown process in natural lightning. / Chinese J. Geophys., 46(3), 449鈥?56.
    9. Fan, X. P., G. S. Zhang, Y. H. Wang, Y. J. Li, T. Zhang and B. Wu, 2014: Analyzing the transmission structures of long continuing current processes from negative ground flashes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. / J. Geophys. Res., 119(5), 2050鈥?063. doi:10.1002/2013JD020402
    10. Feng, G. L., X. S. Qie, T. Yuan, and Y. J. Zhou, 2006a: A case study of cloud-to-ground lightning activities in hailstorms under cold eddy synoptic situation. / Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 20(4), 489鈥?99.
    11. Feng, G. L., X. S. Qie, and Y. J. Zhou, 2006b: A case study on characteristics of lightning activity in a mesoscale convective system. / Plateau Meteorology, 25(2), 220鈥?28. (in Chinese)
    12. Feng, G. L., X. S. Qie, T. Yuan, and S. Z. Niu, 2007: Analysis on lightning activity and precipitation structure of hailstorms. / Science China-Earth Science, 50(4), 629鈥?39.
    13. Feng, G. L., X. S. Qie, and S. J. Wu, 2008: Cloud-to-ground lightning characteristics of hail clouds in Shandong province. / Chinese. J. Atmos. Sci., 32(2), 289鈥?99. (in Chinese)
    14. Feng, G. L., X. S. Qie, J. Wang, and D. L. Gong, 2009: Lightning and Doppler radar observations of a squall line system. / Atmospheric Research, 91(2鈥?), 466鈥?78.
    15. Franz, R. C., R. J. Nemzek, and J. R. Winckler, 1990: Television image of a large upward electrical discharge above a thunderstorm system. / Science, 249(4964), 48鈥?1.
    16. Gou, X. Q., Y. J. Zhang, X. S. Qie, and W. S. Dong, 2006: Characterization of radiation field of return stroke of cloud-to-ground lightning with local effective Holder exponent. / Proceedings of the CSEE, 26(3), 75鈥?8. (in Chinese)
    17. Gou, X. Q., Y. J. Zhang, W. S. Dong, and X. S. Qie, 2007: Waveletbased multifractal analysis of the radiation field of first return stroke in cloud-to-ground discharge. / Chinese J. Geophys., 50(1), 101鈥?05. (in Chinese)
    18. Gou, X. Q., M. L. Chen, Y. J. Zhang, W. S. Dong, and X. S. Qie, 2009: Wavelet multiresolution based multifractal analysis of electric fields by lightning return strokes. / Atmospheric Research, 91, 410鈥?15.
    19. Guo, F. X., Y. J. Zhang, X. S. Qie, and M. H. Yan, 2003: Numerical simulation of different charge structures in thunderstorm. / Plateau Meteorology, 22(3), 268鈥?74. (in Chinese)
    20. Guo, F. X., M. H. Yan, and Y. J. Zhang, 2006: A model study of lightning-generated NOx (LNOx) and it鈥檚 transportation. / Plateau Meteorology, 25(2), 229鈥?35. (in Chinese)
    21. Guo, F. X., Y. J. Zhang, and M. H. Yan, 2007: A numerical study of the charge structure in thunderstorm in Nagqu area of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. / Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 31(1), 28鈥?6. (in Chinese)
    22. Jiang, R., X. Qie, C. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, J. Wang, and D. Liu, 2011: Lightning M-components with peak current in the range of kilo amperes and their mechanism. / Acta Physica Sinica, 60(7), 079201. (in Chinese)
    23. Jiang, R., X. Qie, C. Wang, and J. Yang, 2013a: Propagating fea tures of upward positive leaders in the initial stage of rockettriggered lightning. / Atmospheric Research, 129鈥?30, 90鈥?6.
    24. Jiang, R., X. Qie, J. Yang, C. Wang, and Y. Zhao, 2013b: Characteristics of M-component in rocket-triggered lightning and a discussion on its mechanism. / Radio Sci., 48, 597鈥?06. doi:10.1002/rds.20065.
    25. Jiang, R., Z. Wu, X. Qie, D. Wang, and M. Liu, 2014a: High-speed video evidence of a dart leader with bidirectional development. / Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, doi: 10.1002/2014GL060585.
    26. Jiang, R. B., X. S. Qie, Z. J. Wu, D. F. Wang, M. Y. Liu, G. P. Lu, and D. X. Liu, 2014b: Characteristics of upward lightning from a 325-m-tall meteorology tower. / Atmospheric Research, 149, 111鈥?19, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.06.007.
    27. Kong, X. Z., X. S. Qie, G. S. Zhang, and T. Zhang, 2005: Research on stepped-leader and return-stroke of the cloud-toground lightning with multiple-grounding-point in the same return stroke. / Proceedings of the CSEE, 25(22), 142鈥?47. (in Chinese)
    28. Kong, X. Z., X. S. Qie, Y. Zhao, T. Zhang, G. S. Zhang, and W. S. Dong, 2006: An analysis of discharge processes of one cloudto-ground lightning flash on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. / Chinese J. Geophys., 49(4), 993鈥?000. (in Chinese)
    29. Kong, X. Z., X. S. Qie, and Y. Zhao, 2008: Characteristics of downward leader in a positive cloud-to-ground lightning flash observed by high-speed video camera and electric field changes. / Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L05816, doi: 10.1029/2007 GL032764.
    30. Kong, X. Z., X. S. Qie, Y. Zhao, and T. Zhang, 2009: Characteristics of negative lightning flashes presenting multiple-ground terminations on a millisecond-scale. / Atmospheric Research, 91(2鈥?), 381鈥?86.
    31. Li, D. S., Q. L. Zhang, Z. H. Wang, and T. Liu, 2014: Computation of lightning horizontal field over the two-dimensional rough ground by using the three-dimensional FDTD. / IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 56(1), 143鈥?48, doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2013.2266479.
    32. Li, W. L., D. X. Liu, X. S. Qie, S. M. Fu, S. Duan, and Y. C. Chen, 2012: Evaluation of noninductive charging mechanisms and simulation of charge characteristic structure in the early thunderstorm based on RAMS V6.0. / Acta Physica Sinica, 61(5), 059202, doi: 10.7498/aps.61.059202. (in Chinese)
    33. Li, Y. J., G. S. Zhang, J. Wen, D. H. Wang, Y. H. Wang, T. Zhang, X. P. Fan, and B. Wu, 2013: Electrical structure of a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau thunderstorm based on three-dimensional lightning mapping. / Atmospheric Research, 127, 90鈥?15.
    34. Liu, D. X., X. S. Qie, G. L. Feng, and S. J. Wu, 2008: Analyses on lightning temporal and spatial characteristics in the severe convective weather in north China. / Plateau Meteorology, 27(2), 358鈥?64. (in Chinese)
    35. Liu, D. X., G. L. Feng, and S. J. Wu, 2009: Temporal and spatial characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning of hailstorms over north China. / Atmospheric Research, 91(2鈥?), 459鈥?65.
    36. Liu, D. X., X. S. Qie, Y. J. Xiong, and G. L. Feng, 2011: Evolution of the total lightning activity in a leading-line and trailing stratiform mesoscale convective system over Beijing. / Adv. Atmos. Sci., 28(4), 866鈥?78, doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0001-8.
    37. Liu, D. X., X. S. Qie, L. X. Pan, and L. Peng, 2013a: Some characteristics of lightning activity and radiation source distribution in a squall line over north China. / Atmospheric Research, 132鈥?33, 423鈥?33.
    38. Liu, D. X., X. S. Qie, Z. C. Wang, X. K. Wu, and L. X. Pan, 2013b: Characteristics of lightning radiation source distribution and charge structure of squall line. / Acta Physica Sinica., 62(21), 219 201鈥?19 201.
    39. Liu, D. X., X. S. Qie, L. Peng, and W. L. Li, 2014: Charge structure of a summer thunderstorm in North China: Simulation using a regional atmospheric model system. / Adv. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1022鈥?034, doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-3078-7.
    40. Liu, H. Y., W. S. Dong, T. Wu, D. Zheng, and Y. J. Zhang, 2012: Observation of compact intracloud discharges using VHF broadband interferometers. / J. Geophys. Res., 117, D01203, doi: 10.1029/2011JD016185.
    41. L眉, F., B. Zhu, H. Zhou, V. A. Rakov, W. Xu, and Z. Qin, 2013: Observations of compact intracloud lightning discharges in the northernmost region (51掳N) of China. / J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 4458鈥?465, doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50295.
    42. L眉, W., D. Wang, N. Takagi, V. Rakov, M. Uman, and M. Miki., 2008a: Characteristics of the optical pulses associated with a downward branched stepped leader. / J. Geophys. Res., 113, D21206, doi: 10.1029/2008JD010231.
    43. L眉, W. T., and Coauthors, 2008b: Analysis of channel luminosity characteristics in rocket-triggered lightning. / Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 22(3), 362鈥?74.
    44. Lu, W. T., and Coauthors, 2009: Simultaneous optical and electrical observations on the initial processes of altitude-triggered negative lightning. / Atmospheric Research, 9, 353鈥?59.
    45. Lu, W., L. Chen, Y. Zhang, Y. Ma, Y. Gao, Q. Yin, S. Chen, Z. Huang, and Y. Zhang, 2012: Characteristics of unconnected upward leaders initiated from tall structures observed in Guangzhou. / J. Geophys. Res., 117, D19211, doi: 10.1029/2012JD018035.
    46. Lu, W., L. Chen, Y. Ma, V. A. Rakov, Y. Gao, Y. Zhang, Q. Yin, and Y. Zhang, 2013: Lightning attachment process involving connection of the downward negative leader to the lateral surface of the upward connecting leader. / Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5531鈥?535, doi: 10.1002/2013GL058060.
    47. Ma, M., S. C. Tao, B. Y. Zhu, and W. T. Lu, 2005a: Climatological distribution of lightning density observed by satellites in China and its circumjacent regions. / Science China-Earth Science, 48(2), 219鈥?29.
    48. Ma, M., S. C. Tao, B. Y. Zhu, W. T. Lu, and Y. B. Tan, 2005b: Response of global lightning activity to air temperature variation. / Chinese Science Bulletin, 50(22), 2640鈥?644.
    49. Ma, M., S. C. Tao, B. Y. Zhu, and W. T. Lu, 2005c: The anomalous variation of the lightning activity in southern China during the 1997/98 El Ni帽o event. / Science China-Earth Science, 48(9), 1537鈥?547.
    50. Mansell, E. R., D. R. MacGorman, C. L. Ziegler, and J. M. Straka, 2002: Simulated three-dimensional branched lightning in a numerical thunderstorm model. / J. Geophys. Res., 107(D9), doi: 10.1029/2000JD000244.
    51. Ouyang, Y. H., P. Yuan, X. S. Qie, H. B. Wang, X. D. Jia, and H. M. Zhang, 2006: Temperature study on lightning return stroke in the coastal area of Guangdong. / Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 26(11), 1988鈥?992.
    52. Pan, L. X., X. S. Qie, D. X. Liu, D. F. Wang, and J. Yang, 2009: The lighting activities in super typhoons over the Northwest Pacific. / Science China-Earth Science, 53(8), 1241鈥?248.
    53. Pan, L. X., D. X. Liu, X. S. Qie, D. F. Wang, and R. P. Zhu, 2013: Land-sea contrast in the lightning diurnal variation as observed by the WWLLN and LIS/OTD data. / Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 27, 591鈥?00.
    54. Pan, L. X., X. S. Qie, and D. F. Wang, 2014: Lightning activity and its relation to the intensity of typhoons over the Northwest Pacific Ocean. / Adv. Atmos. Sci., 31, 581鈥?92 doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3115-y.
    55. Qie, X. S., and X. Z. Kong, 2007: Progression features of a stepped leader process with four grounded leader branches. / Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L06809, doi: 10.1029/2006GL028771.
    56. Qie, X., S. Soula, and S. Chauzy, 1994: Influence of ion attachment on the vertical distribution of the electric field and charge density below a thunderstorm. / Annales Geophysicae, 12, 1218鈥?228.
    57. Qie, X., Y. Yu, X. Liu, C. Guo, D. Wang, T. Watanabe, and T. Ushio, 2000a: Charge analysis on lightning discharges to the ground in Chinese inland plateau (verge of Tibet). / Ann. Geophys., 18(10), 1340鈥?348.
    58. Qie, X. S., Y. Yu, X. S. Liu, G. S. Zhang, D. H. Wang, T. Watanabe, N. Takagi, and T. O. Ushio, 2000b: K-Type breakdown process of intracloud discharge in Chinese inland plateau. / Progress in Natural Science, 10(8), 607鈥?11.
    59. Qie, X. S., Y. Yu, H. B. Wang, and C. H. Zhang, 2001: Analysis on some features of ground flashes in Chinese inland plateau. / Plateau Meteorology, 20(4), 395鈥?01. (in Chinese)
    60. Qie, X., Y. Yu, C. Guo, P. Laroche, G. Zhang, and Q. Zhang, 2002a: Some features of stepped and dart-stepped leaders near the ground in natural negative cloud-to-ground lightning discharges. / Ann. Geophys., 20(6), 863鈥?70.
    61. Qie, X., Y. Yu, D. Wang, H. Wang, and R. Chu, 2002b: Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning in Chinese Inland Plateau. / J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80(4), 745鈥?54.
    62. Qie, X. S., R. Toumi, and T. Yuan, 2003a: Lightning activities on the Tibetan Plateau as observed by the lightning imaging sensor. / J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D17), 4551, doi:10.1029/2002JD003304.
    63. Qie, X. S., Y. J. Zhou, and T. Yuan, 2003b: Global lightning activities and their regional differences observed from the satellite. / Chinese J. Geophys., 46(6), 743鈥?50. (in Chinese)
    64. Qie, X. S., R. Toumi, and Y. J. Zhou, 2003c: Lightning activity on the central Tibetan Plateau and its response to convective available potential energy. / Chinese Sci. Bulletin, 48(4), 296鈥?99.
    65. Qie, X. S., T. Yuan, Y. R. Xie, and Y. M. Ma, 2004: Spatial and temporal distribution of lightning activities over the Tibetan Plateau. / Chinese J. Geophys., 47(6), 997鈥?002. (in Chinese)
    66. Qie, X, and Coauthors, 2005a: The possible charge structure of thunderstorm and lightning discharges in northeastern verge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. / Atmospheric Research, 76(1鈥?), 231鈥?46.
    67. Qie, X. S., T. L. Zhang, C. P. Chen, G. S. Zhang, T. Zhang, and W. Z. Wei, 2005b: The lower positive charge center and its effect on lightning discharges on the Tibetan Plateau. / Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L05814, doi: 10.1029/2004GL022162.
    68. Qie, X. S., Q. L. Zhang, and Y. J. Zhou, 2007: Artificially triggered lightning and its characteristic discharge parameters in two severe thunderstorms. / Science China-Earth Science, 50(8), 1241鈥?250.
    69. Qie, X. S., and Coauthors, 2009a: Characteristics of artificially triggered lightning during Shandong artificial triggering lightning experiment (SHATLE). / Atmospheric Research, 91(2鈥?), 310鈥?15.
    70. Qie, X. S., T. L. Zhang, G. S. Zhang, T. Zhang, and X. Z. Kong, 2009b: Electrical characteristics of thunderstorms in different plateau regions of China. / Atmospheric Research, 91(2鈥?), 244鈥?49.
    71. Qie, X. S., J. Yang, R. B. Jiang, J. F. Wang, D. X. Liu, C. X. Wang, and Y. J. Xuan, 2010: A new-model rocket for artificially triggering lightning and its first triggering lightning experiment. / Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 34(5), 937鈥?46. (in Chinese)
    72. Qie, X. S., R. B. Jiang, C. X. Wang, J. Yang, J. F. Wang, and D. X. Liu, 2011: Simultaneously measured current, luminosity, and electric field pulses in a rocket-triggered lightning flash. / J. Geophys. Res., 116, D10102, doi: 10.1029/2010JD015331.
    73. Qie, X., Z. Wang, D. Wang, M. Liu, and Y. Xuan, 2013: Characteristics of positive cloud-to-ground lightning in DaHinggan Ling forest region at relatively high latitude, northeastern China. / J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 13 393鈥?3 404, doi: 10.1002/2013JD020093.
    74. Qie, X., R. Jiang, and J. Yang, 2014a: Characteristics of current pulses in rocket-triggered lightning. / Atmospheric Research, 135鈥?36, 322鈥?29, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.11.012 .
    75. Qie, X. S., R. P. Zhu, T. Yuan, X. K. Wu, W. L. Li, and D. X. Liu, 2014b: Application of total-lightning data assimilation in a mesoscale convective system based on the WRF model. / Atmospheric Research, 145鈥?46, 255鈥?66, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.04.012
    76. Qiu, S., B.-H. Zhou, L.-H. Shi, W.-S. Dong, Y.-J. Zhang, and T.-C. Gao, 2009: An improved method for broadband interferometric lightning location using wavelet transforms. / J. Geophys. Res., 114, D18211, doi: 10.1029/2008JD011655.
    77. Rakov, V. A., R. Thottappillil, M. A. Uman, and P. P. Barker, 1995: Mechanism of the lighting M component. / J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25 701鈥?7 710.
    78. Rison, W. R., R. J. Thomas, P. R. Krehbiel, T. Hamlin, and J. Harlin, 1999: A GPS-based three-dimensional lightning mapping system: Initial observations in central NewMexico. / Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3573鈥?576.
    79. Saunders, C. P. R., W. D. Keith, and R. P. Mitzeva., 1991: The effect of liquid water on thunderstorm charging. / J. Geophys. Res., 96(D6), 11 007鈥?1 017.
    80. Su, H. T., and Coauthors, 2003: Gigantic jets between a thundercloud and the ionosphere. / Nature, 423, 974鈥?76
    81. Sun, A. P., H.-Y. Chun, J.-J. Baik, and M. H. Yan, 2002: Influence of electrification on microphysical and dynamical processes in a numerically simulated thunderstorm. / Quart. J. Appl. Meteor., 41, 1112鈥?127.
    82. Sun, Z. L., X. S. Qie, M. Y. Liu, D. J. Cao, and D. F. Wang, 2013: Lightning VHF radiation location system based on short-baseline TDOA technique鈥擵alidation in rockettriggered lightning. / Atmospheric Research, 129鈥?30, 58鈥?6, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.11.010.
    83. Takahashi, T., 1978: Riming electrification as a charge generation mechanism in thunderstorms. / J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1536鈥?548.
    84. Tan, Y. B., S. C. Tao, and B. Y. Zhu, 2006a: Fine-resolution simulation of the channel structures and propagation features of intra-cloud lightning. / Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L09809, doi: 10.1029/2005GL025523.
    85. Tan, Y. B., S. C. Tao, B. Y. Zhou, M. Ma, and W. T. Lu, 2006b: Numerical simulation of the bi-level and branched structure of intra-cloud lightning flashes. / Science China-Earth Science, 49(6), 661鈥?72.
    86. Tan, Y. B., S. C. Tao, B. Y. Zhou, M. Ma, and W. T. Lu, 2007: A simulation of the effects of intra-cloud lightning discharges on the charges and electrostatic potential distributions in a thundercloud. / Chinese J. Geophys., 50(4), 916鈥?30. (in Chinese)
    87. Tan, Y., S. Tao, Z. Liang, and B. Zhu, 2014: Numerical study on relationship between lightning types and distribution of space charge and electric potential. / J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 1003鈥?014, doi: 10.1002/2013JD019983.
    88. Tao, S. C., Y. B. Tan, B. Y. Zhu, M. Ma, and W. T. Lu, 2009: Fineresolution simulation of cloud-to-ground lightning and thundercloud charge transfer. / Atmospheric Research, 91, 360鈥?70.
    89. Toumi, R., and X. S. Qie, 2004: Seasonal variation of lightning on the Tibetan Plateau: A spring anomaly. / Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L04115, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018930.
    90. Wang, C. X., R. B. Jiang, J. Yang, and M. Y. Liu, 2012a: Current subsidiary peak in triggered lightning strokes. / Radio Sci., 47, RS4002, doi: 10.1029/2011RS004933.
    91. Wang, C. X., X. S. Qie, R. B. Jiang, and J. Yang, 2012b: Propagating properties of a upward positive leader in a negative triggered lightning. / Acta Physica Sinica, 61(3), 039203. (in Chinese)
    92. Wang, D. F., X. S. Qie, T. Yuan, G. S. Zhang, T. Zhang, T. L. Zhang, and Q. L. Zhang, 2009a: An analysis of the initial stage of intracloud lightning using the pulse location technique based on the fast electric field change. / Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 23(6), 772鈥?81.
    93. Wang, J., P. Yuan, F. X. Guo, X. S. Qie, Y. H. Ouyang, and Y. J. Zhang, 2009b: The spectra and temperature of cloud lightning discharge channel. / Science China-Earth Science, 52(7), 907鈥?12.
    94. Wang, Y. H., G. S. Zhang, T. Zhang, and D. J. Cao, 2007: Submicrosecond VHF radiation character on broadband wrap in lightning. / Proceedings of CSEE, 27(9), 41鈥?5. (in Chinese)
    95. Wang, Y., G. Zhang, X. Qie, D. Wang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhao, Y. Li, and T. Zhang, 2012: Characteristics of compact intracloud discharges observed in a severe thunderstorm in northern part of China. / J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 84鈥?5, 7鈥?4.
    96. Wang, Y. H., G. S. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. J. Li, B. Wu, and T. L. Zhang, 2013: Interaction between adjacent lightning discharges in clouds. / Adv. Atmos. Sci., 30(4), 1106鈥?116, doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2008-9.
    97. Wu, T., W. S. Dong, Y. J. Zhang, and T. Wang, 2011: Comparison of positive and negative compact intracloud discharges. J. / Geophys. Res., 116, D03111, doi: 10.1029/2010JD015233.
    98. Wu, T., W. S. Dong, Y. J. Zhang, T. Funaki, S. Yoshida, T. Morimoto, T. Ushio, and Z. Kawasaki, 2012: Discharge height of lightning narrow bipolar events. / J. Geophys. Res., 117, D05119, doi: 10.1029/2011JD017054.
    99. Xie, Y. R., X. S. Qie, F. X. Guo, and M. Baker, 2005: Numerical simulation of the effect of liquid water content and ice crystal concentration on lightning flash frequency. / Plateau Meteorology, 24(4), 598鈥?03. (in Chinese)
    100. Xiong, Y. J., X. S. Qie, and F. X. Guo, 2005: Temporal and spatial characteristics of South American lightning activities and their relationship with SST in east Pacific. / Plateau Meteorology, 24(3), 396鈥?03. (in Chinese)
    101. Xiong, Y. J., X. S. Qie, Y. J. Zhou, T. Yuan, and T. L. Zhang, 2006: Regional responses of lightning activities to relative humidity of the surface. / Chinese J. Geophys., 49(2), 367鈥?74. (in Chinese)
    102. Yang, J., X. S. Qie, G. S. Zhang, and H. B. Wang, 2008a: Magnetic field measuring system and current retrieval in artificially triggering lightning experiment. / Radio Sci., 43, RS2011, doi: 10.1029/2007RS003753.
    103. Yang, J., X. S. Qie, J. G. Wang, Y. Zhao, Q. L. Zhang, T. Yuan, Y. J. Zhou, and G. L. Feng, 2008b: Observation of the lightninginduced voltage in the horizontal conductor and its simulation. / Acta Physica Sinica, 57(3), 1968鈥?975. (in Chinese)
    104. Yang, J., X. S. Qie, G. S. Zhang, Y. Zhao, and T. Zhang, 2008c: Red sprites over thunderstorms in the coast of Shandong province, China. / Chinese Science Bulletin, 53(7), 1079鈥?086.
    105. Yang, J., X. Qie, Q. Zhang, Y. Zhao, G. Feng, T. Zhang, and G. Zhang, 2009: Comparative analysis of the initial stage in two artificially-triggered lightning flashes. / Atmospheric Research, 91, 393鈥?98.
    106. Yang, J., X. S. Qie, G. S. Zhang, Q. L. Zhang, G. L. Feng, Y. Zhao, and R. B. Jiang, 2010: Characteristics of channel base currents and close magnetic fields in triggered flashes in SHATLE. / J. Geophys. Res., 115, D23102, doi: 10.1029/2010JD014420.
    107. Yang, J., and G. L. Feng, 2012: A gigantic jet event observed over a thunderstorm in mainland China. / Chinese Science Bulletin, 57(36), 4791鈥?800.
    108. Yang, J., M. R. Yang, C. Liu, and G. L. Feng, 2013a: Case studies of sprite-producing and non-sprite-producing summer thunderstorms. / Adv. Atmos. Sci, 30(6), 1786鈥?808, doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2120-5.
    109. Yang, J., X. S. Qie, and G. L. Feng, 2013b: Characteristics of one sprite-producing summer thunderstorm. / Atmospheric Research, 127, 90鈥?15.
    110. Yuan, P., X. S. Liu, Y. J. Zhang, L. Y. Xie, and Z. C. Dong, 2002: Theoretical calculation for the lifetimes of NII related to lightning process. / Acta Physica Sinica, 51(11), 2495鈥?502. (in Chinese)
    111. Yuan, P., X. S. Liu, Y. J. Zhang, X. S. Qie, G. S. Zhang, and H. B. Wang, 2004a: Spectral study on lightning return stroke in plateau area. / Chinese J. Geophys., 47(1), 42鈥?6. (in Chinese)
    112. Yuan, P., X. S. Liu, and Y. J. Zhang, 2004b: NII Ion spectra related to lightning discharges. / Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 24(3), 288鈥?91. (in Chinese)
    113. Yuan, P., X. S. Qie, S. H. L眉, G. Y. Chen, and G. S. Zhang, 2006: The spectral properties of an intense lightning return stroke. / Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 26(4), 733鈥?37. (in Chinese)
    114. Yuan, T., and X. S. Qie, 2004: Spatial and temporal distributions of lightning activities in China from satellite observation. / Plateau Meteorology, 23(4), 488鈥?94. (in Chinese)
    115. Yuan, T., and X. S. Qie, 2008: Study on lightning activity and precipitation characteristics before and after the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon. / J. Geophys Res., 13, D14101, doi: 10.1029/2007JD009382.
    116. Yuan, T., and X. S. Qie, 2010: TRMM-based study on lightning activity and its relationship with precipitation structure of a squall line in south China. / Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 34(1), 58鈥?0. (in Chinese)
    117. Zhang, G. S., Y. X. Zhao, X. S. Qie, T. Zhang, Y. H. Wang, and C. P. Chen, 2008: Observation and study on the whole process of cloud-to-ground lightning using narrowband radio interferometer. / Science China-Earth Science, 51(5), 694鈥?08. doi: 10.1007/s11430-008-0049-9.
    118. Zhang, G. S., Y. H. Wang, X. S. Qie, T. Zhang, Y. X. Zhao, Y. J. Li, and D. J. Cao, 2010: Using lightning locating system based on time-of-arrival technique to study three-dimensional lightning discharge processes. / Science China-Earth Science, 53, 591鈥?02. doi: 10.1007/s11430-009-0116-x.
    119. Zhang, H. M., P. Yuan, S. H. L眉, and Y. H. Ouyang, 2007a: Study on electron density of lightning return stroke. / Plateau Meteorology, 26(2), 264鈥?69. (in Chinese)
    120. Zhang, Q. L., and X. S. Qie, 2003: Reconstruction of return stroke radiation field waveforms and estimation of cloud-to-ground discharges parameters. / Plateau Meteorology, 22(3), 252鈥?58. (in Chinese)
    121. Zhang, Q., X. S. Qie, and G. S. Zhang, 2003a: Short-baseline timeof-arrival lightning radiation detection system and preliminary location result. / Plateau Meteorology, 22(3), 226鈥?34. (in Chinese)
    122. Zhang, Q. L., X. S. Qie, and H. B. Wang, 2003b: Characteristics of the radiation fields from return strokes in plateau thunderstorms. / Proceedings of thesand CSEE, 23(9), 94鈥?8. (in Chinese)
    123. Zhang, Q. L., X. S. Qie, H. B. Wang, C. P. Chen, G. S. Zhang, and T. Zhang, 2005: Characteristics and numerical simulation of electric field waveforms produced by close negative cloud-toground flashes. / Proceedings of the CSEE, 25(18), 126鈥?30. (in Chinese)
    124. Zhang, Q. L., and Coauthors, 2006: Electric field characteristics of leader and return in triggered lightning. / High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 18(12), 2004鈥?010. (in Chinese)
    125. Zhang, Q. L., X. S. Qie, X. Z. Kong, Y. J. Zhou, J. Yang, T. L. Zhang, G. L. Feng, and Q. F. Xiao, 2007b: Comparative analysis on return stroke current of triggered and natural lightning flashes. / Proceedings of the CSEE, 27(6), 67鈥?1.
    126. Zhang, Q., X. Qie, Z. Wang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhao, J. Yang, and X. Kong, 2009a: Characteristics and simulation of lightning current waveforms during one artificially triggered lightning. / Atmospheric Research, 91(2鈥?), 387鈥?92.
    127. Zhang, Q. L., X. S. Qie, Z. H. Wang, T. L. Zhang, and J. Yang, 2009b: Simultaneous observation on electric field changes at 60 m and 550 m from altitude-triggered lightning flashes. / Radio Sci., 44, RS1011, doi: 10.1029/2008RS003866.
    128. Zhang, Q. L., X. D. Liu, J. Yang, R. B. Jiang, Z. H. Wang, and J. C. Bian, 2011a: The characteristics and simulation of close leader/return stroke field change waveforms. / Radio Sci., 46, RS1017, doi: 10.1029/2010RS004469.
    129. Zhang, Q., J. Yang, M. Liu, and Z. Wang, 2011b: Measurements and simulation of the M-component current and simultaneous electromagnetic fields at 60 m and 550 m. / Atmospheric Research, 99, 537鈥?45.
    130. Zhang, Q. L., J. Yang, X. Q. Jing, D. S. Li, and Z. H. Wang, 2012a: Propagation effect of a fractal rough ground boundary on the lightning-radiated vertical electric field. / Atmospheric Research, 104, 202鈥?08, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.10.009.
    131. Zhang, Q. L., D. S. Li, and Y. F. Fan., 2012b: Examination of the Cooray-Rubinstein (C-R) formula for a mixed propagation path by using FDTD. / J. Geophys. Res., 117(D15309), doi: 10.1029/2011JD017331.
    132. Zhang, Q. L., X. Q. Jing, J. Yang, D. S. Li, and X. Tang, 2012c: Numerical simulation of the lightning electromagnetic fields along a rough and ocean-land mixed propagation path. / J. Geophys. Res., 117, D20304, doi: 10.1029/2012JD017851.
    133. Zhang, Q. L., J. Yang, D. S. Li, and Z. H. Wang, 2012d: Propagation effects of a fractal rough ocean surface on the vertical electric field generated by lightning return strokes. / Journal of Electrostatics, 70(1), 54鈥?9, doi: 10.1016/j.elstat.2011.10.003.
    134. Zhang, Q. L., L. Zhang, X. Tang, and J. G. Gao, 2014a: An approximate formula for estimating the peak value of lightninginduced overvoltage considering the stratified conducting ground. / IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 29(2), 884鈥?89, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2281982.
    135. Zhang, Q. L., L. X. He, T. T. Ji, and W. H. Hou, 2014b: On the field-to-current conversion factors for lightning strike to tall objects considering the finitely conducting ground. / J. Geophys. Res., 119(13), doi: 10.1002/2014JD021496.
    136. Zhang, Q. L., X. Tang, J. G. Gao, L. Zhang, and D. S. Li, 2014c: The influence of the horizontally stratified conducting ground on the lightning-induced voltages. / IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 56(2), 435鈥?43. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2013.2284929.
    137. Zhang, R., G. S. Zhang, Y. J. Li, Y. H. Wang, B. Wu, H. Yu, and Y. X. Liu, 2014d: Estimate of NO / x production in the lightning channel based on three-dimensional lightning locating system. / Science China-Earth Science, 57(7), 1613鈥?625.
    138. Zhang, T. L., X. S. Qie, T. Yuan, Y. J. Xiong, and T. Zhang, 2004: The temporal and spatial distribution of lightning activities along the Qinghai-Tibet railroad. / Plateau Meteorology, 23(5), 673鈥?77. (in Chinese)
    139. Zhang, T. L., X. Qie, T. Yuan, G. Zhang, T. Zhang, and Y. Zhao, 2009c: Charge source of cloud-to-ground lightning and charge structure of a typical thunderstorm in the Chinese Inland Plateau. / Atmospheric Research, 92(4), 475鈥?80.
    140. Zhang, T. L., X. S. Qie, M. H. Yan, Y. Zhao, G. S. Zhang, T. Zhang, and Y. H. Wang, 2009d: A preliminary analysis on formation of electrical characteristics of thunderstorm in different altitude regions in Chinese inland plateau. / Plateau Meteorology, 28(5), 1006鈥?017. (in Chinese)
    141. Zhang, T. L., T. Zhang, Y. Zhao, X. Z. Kong, and Y. H. Wang, 2010: Characteristics of thunderstorms and lightning flashes in the Chinese inland plateau. / Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2(3), 271鈥?77.
    142. Zhang W. J., Y. J. Zhang, D. Zheng, and X. J. Zhou, 2012e: Lightning distribution and eyewall outbreaks in tropical cyclones during landfall. / Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 3573鈥?586.
    143. Zhang, Y. J., W. S. Dong, G. S. Zhang, and X. S. Qie, 2003c: Characteristics of the leading processes to the artificial induced lightning in the air. / Chinese J. Geophys., 46(4), 446鈥?49. (in Chinese)
    144. Zhang, Y. J., W. S. Dong, G. S. Zhang, H. F. Zhang, C. P. Chen, and T. Zhang, 2004a: Study of charge structure and radiation characteristic of intracloud discharge in thunderstorms of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. / Science China-Earth Science, 47 (S1), 108鈥?14.
    145. Zhang, Y. J., A. P. Sun, M. H. Yan, F. X. Guo, X. S. Qie, and M. Y. Huang, 2004b: Numerical modeling for effects of electric activity during thunderstorms upon the growth of hail particles. / Chinese J. Geophys., 47(1), 25鈥?2. (in Chinese)
    146. Zhang, Y. J., Q. Meng, P. R. Krehbiel, X. S. Liu, M. H. Yan, and X. J. Zhou, 2006a: Spatiotemporal characteristics of positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharges and bidirectional leader of the lightning. / Science China-Earth Science, 49, 212鈥?24.
    147. Zhang, Y. J., Q. Meng, W. T. Lu, P. R. Krehbiel, X. S. Liu, and X. J. Zhou, 2006b: Charge structures and cloud-to-ground lightning discharges characteristics in two supercell thunderstorms. / Chinese Science Bulletin, 51(2), 198鈥?12.
    148. Zhang, Y. J., W. T. L眉, J. Li, W. S. Dong, D. Zheng, and S. D. Chen, 2009e: Luminosity characteristics of leaders in natural cloud-to-ground lightning flashes. / Atmospheric Research, 91(2鈥?), 326鈥?32.
    149. Zhang, Y. J., Q. Meng, W. T. Lu, M. Ma, D. Zheng, and P. R. Krehbiel, 2009f: Positive charge region in lower part of thunderstorm and preliminary breakdown process of negative cloudto-ground lightning. / Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 23(1), 95鈥?04.
    150. Zhang, Y. J., and Coauthors, 2014e: Experiments of artificially triggered lightning and its application in Conghua, Guangdong, China. / Atmospheric Research, 135, 330鈥?43. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.02.010.
    151. Zhao, Y., Y. J. Zhang, W. S. Dong, H. F. Zhang, C. P. Chen, and T. Zhang, 2004: Preliminary analysis of characteristics of lightning in the Nagqu area of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau. / Chinese J. Geophys., 47(3), 405鈥?10. (in Chinese)
    152. Zhao, Y., and Coauthors, 2009a: Analysis on the parameters of the current waveforms of triggered lightning. / Acta Physica Sinica, 58(9), 6616鈥?625. (in Chinese)
    153. Zhao, Y., X. S. Qie, M. L. Chen, X. Z. Kong, G. S. Zhang, T. L. Zhanng, and G. L. Feng, 2011: Characteristic of M-component in artificially-initiated triggered lightning. / Plateau Meteorology, 30(2), 508鈥?17. (in Chinese)
    154. Zhao, Z. K., and Q. L. Zhang, 2009: Influence of channel tortuosity on the lightning return stroke electromagnetic field in the time domain. / Atmospheric Research, 91(1鈥?), 404鈥?09.
    155. Zhao, Z. K., and Coauthors, 2009b: Electric field soundings and the charge structure within an isolated thunderstorm. / Chinese Science Bulletin, 55, 872鈥?76.
    156. Zheng, D., Y. J. Zhang, M. Ma, Q. Meng, and W. T. L眉, 2007: Simulation study on the influence of atmospheric stratification on lightning activity. / Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 65(4), 622鈥?32. (in Chinese)
    157. Zheng, D., Y. J. Zhang, Q. Meng, W. T. Lu, and X. Y. Yi, 2009: Total lightning characteristics and electric structure evolution in a hailstorm. / Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 23(2), 233鈥?49. (in Chinese)
    158. Zhou, Y. J., and X. S. Qie, 2002: Mechanism and estimation of lightning generated NOx in Chinese inland area. / Plateau Meteorology, 21(5), 501鈥?08. (in Chinese)
    159. Zhou, Y. J., X. S. Qie, and T. Yuan, 2004: Spatial and temporal distributions of NOx produced by lightning in East Asian region. / Plateau Meteorology, 23(5), 667鈥?72. (in Chinese)
    160. Zhou, Y. J., S. Soula, V. Pont, and X. S. Qie, 2005: NOx ground concentration at a station at high altitude in relation to cloudt-ground lightning flashes. / Atmospheric Research, 75, 47鈥?9.
    161. Zhou, Z. M., and X. L. Guo, 2009: A three dimensional modeling study of multi-layer distribution and formation processes of electric charges in a severe thunderstorm. / Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 33(3), 600鈥?20. (in Chinese)
    162. Zhu, B. Y., M. Ma, and S. C. Tao, 2003: Measurement and comparison of VHF/VLF radiations of preliminary breakdown of Cloud-to-Ground and intracloud flashes. / Plateau Meteorology, 22(3), 239鈥?45. (in Chinese)
    163. Zhu, B. Y., S. C. Tao, and Y. B. Tan, 2007: Initial observations of the lightning narrow bipolar pulses with very powerful VHF radiation. / Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 65(1), 124鈥?30. (in Chinese)
    164. Zhu, B. Y., H. L. Zhou, M. Ma, and S. C. Tao, 2010a: Observations of narrow bipolar events in East China. / J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 72(2鈥?), 271鈥?78.
    165. Zhu, B. Y., H. L. Zhou, M. Ma, F. L眉, and S. C. Tao, 2010b: Estimation of channel characteristics of narrow bipolar events based on the transmission-line model. / J. Geophys. Res., 115, D19105, doi: 10.1029/2009JD012021.
    166. Zhu, B. Y., H. L. Zhou, R. Thottappillil, and V. Rakov, 2014: Simultaneous observations of electric field changes, wideband magnetic field pulses, and VHF emissions associated with K processes in lightning discharges. / J. Geophys. Res., 119(6), 2699鈥?710, doi: 10.1002/2013JD021006.
  • 作者单位:Xiushu Qie (1)
    Yijun Zhang (2)
    Tie Yuan (3)
    Qilin Zhang (4)
    Tinglong Zhang (5)
    Baoyou Zhu (6)
    Weitao Lu (2)
    Ming Ma (6)
    Jing Yang (1)
    Yunjun Zhou (7)
    Guili Feng (8)

    1. Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
    2. Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
    3. College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
    4. College of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
    5. Laboratory for Climate Environment and Disasters of Western China, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
    6. School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
    7. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
    8. Shandong Research Institute of Meteorology, Jinan, 250031, China
  • ISSN:1861-9533
文摘
The importance of atmospheric electricity research has been increasingly recognized in recent decades. Research on atmospheric electricity has been actively conducted since the 1980s in China. Lightning physics and its effects, as important branches of atmospheric electricity, have received more attention because of their significance both in scientific research and lightning protection applications. This paper reviews atmospheric electricity research based primarily on ground-based field experiments at different regions in China in the last decade. The results described in this review include physics and effects of lightning, rocket-triggered lightning and its physical processes of discharge, thunderstorm electricity on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, lightning activity associated with severe convective storms, the effect and response of lightning to climate change, numerical simulation of thunderstorm electrification and lightning discharge, lightning detection and location techniques, and transient luminous events above thunderstorms.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700