Levels, Trends, and Health Effects of Dioxins and Related Compounds in Aquatic Biota

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• 关键词：Aquatic biota ; Brominated dibenzo ; p ; dioxins and dibenzofurans ; Chlorinated dibenzo ; p ; dioxins and dibenzofurans ; Climate change ; Dioxin ; like PCBs ; Immunotoxicity ; Marine mammals ; Mass mortalities ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; Trophic transfer
• 刊名：The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：49
• 期：1
• 页码：153-202
• 全文大小：574 KB
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• 作者单位：Jianwen She (4)
  Ho Sai Simon Ip (4)
  Yufeng Guan (4) (5)
  Da Chen (6)
  Hyo-Bang Moon (7)
  Anna Roos (8)
  Dongli Wang (9)
  JianQing Zhang (10)
  Michelle L. Berger (11)
  Susan D. Shaw (11) (12)
  
  4. California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
  5. School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
  6. Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
  7. Department of Environmental Marine Science, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
  8. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Contaminant Research, Box 50007, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
  9. Food and Drug Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
  10. Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, China
  11. Marine and Environmental Research Institute, 1652, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA
  12. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, USA
  
• 丛书名：Dioxin and Related Compounds
• ISBN：978-3-319-23889-0
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmen
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
  Geoecology and Natural Processes
  Monitoring, Environmental Analysis and Environmental Ecotoxicology
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Environmental Management
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• 卷排序：49

文摘

The objective of this chapter is to review current knowledge of the levels, trends, and health effects of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in aquatic biota, with a special focus on high trophic level species. DLCs can be released into the environment through storm runoff, air deposition, wastewater discharge from industrial processes, and leaching from landfills. To characterize their influences in biota, studies examining levels and trends of DLCs from invertebrates to vertebrates from several regions (the Arctic, North America, Asia and Europe) are reviewed. Over several decades, such studies have helped elucidate the accumulation, possible sources, metabolic fate, as well as the potential health effects of dioxins and DLCs in aquatic biota. The trophic transfer of these compounds via bioaccumulation and biomagnification can result in higher concentrations in top predators, and a wide range of toxic effects (e.g., endocrine disruption, developmental and reproductive effects, and immunotoxicity) has been reported in diverse species, especially those occupying high trophic levels, e.g., marine mammals. Because of their high trophic position and widespread distribution, marine mammals are valuable sentinel species for PCB and DLC contamination, providing insights into possible sources, transport pathways, and the distribution of these compounds on a global scale. Population-levels effects related to contaminant-induced reproductive impairment and disease have been reported in wildlife inhabiting polluted regions, and the occurrence of mass mortalities among marine mammal populations has been linked to high body burdens of immunotoxic compounds, notably PCBs. Many affected populations have never recovered to their original levels. For many contaminant-stressed populations, the added stress of climate change is exacerbating the problem, causing shifts in food webs and increasing both the distribution and toxicity of POPs in coastal and oceanic environments. Critical data gaps and future research challenges are highlighted as areas that require further study.