Carbon dots doped with heteroatoms for fluorescent bioimaging: a review

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• 作者：Jin Zhou ; Hui Zhou ; Jinbao Tang ; Shue Deng ; Fang Yan ; Wenjing Li…
• 关键词：Carbon ; based materials ; Photoluminescence ; Quantum yield ; Upconversion ; Surface functionalization ; Decay times ; Tissue imaging ; Cellular imaging ; Near infrared light
• 刊名：Microchimica Acta
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：184
• 期：2
• 页码：343-368
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Nanochemistry; Nanotechnology; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Analytical Chemistry; Microengineering;
• 出版者：Springer Vienna
• ISSN：1436-5073
• 卷排序：184

文摘

Carbon dots (CDs) possess superior fluorescent properties in that they do not blink, are biocompatible, chemically inert, have small size and well tunable photoluminescence (PL), can be easily functionalized with biomolecules, and can be multi-photon excited to give up-converted PL. This review (with 141 refs.) summarizes recent progress in the field of imaging using carbon dots doped with heteroatoms (X-CDs). Following an introduction, we discuss top-down and bottom-up strategies for synthesis and methods for surface modification. We also compare the differences in synthesis for undoped CDs and X-CDs. Specifically, CDs doped with heteroelemets nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, boron and silicium are treated. We then discuss method for determination of the properties (particle size, ZP), how doping affects fluorescence (spectra, quantum yields, decay times), and how dopants affect upconversion (UC, anti-Stokes luminescence). We finally review the progress made in fluorescent imaging of cells tissue, and other biomatter. This review also gives new hints on how to use synthetic methods for tuning the structure of X-CDs, how doping affects properties, and how to achieve new bioimaging applications.