Esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol over bio-glycerol derived carbon–sulfonic-acid

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• 作者：Mohan Varkolu ; Vashen Moodley…
• 关键词：C–SO3H catalyst ; Levulinic acid ; Ethanol ; Esterification ; Ethyl levulinate
• 刊名：Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：120
• 期：1
• 页码：69-80
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Catalysis; Physical Chemistry; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering;
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1878-5204
• 卷排序：120

文摘

The formation of ethyl levulinate derived from the esterification of levulinic acid and ethanol was investigated under batch conditions at 353 K using a C–SO₃H acid obtained from a glycerol-based catalyst. The prepared catalyst was characterized by XRD, BET surface area, SEM, FTIR and pyridine adsorbed ATR-FTIR; the latter revealed the Brønsted acidity through the C–SO₃H functional groups. Ethyl levulinate was formed in ca. 99% yield over 180 min with complete conversion. We ascribe the high catalytic performance to the Brønsted acidity of the C–SO₃H groups. The catalyst can be recycled for up to five cycles. Catalyst poisoning by treatment of an aqueous NaCl solution resulted in the same conversion of levulinic acid without catalyst, which emphasizes the importance of acid sites generated through the C–SO₃H groups for esterification of levulinic acid.