Risk assessment and mitigation for the Hongshiyan landslide dam triggered by the 2014 Ludian earthquake in Yunnan, China

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• 作者：Z. M. Shi ; X. Xiong ; Ming Peng ; L. M. Zhang ; Y. F. Xiong ; H. X. Chen ; Y. Zhu
• 关键词：Landslide dam ; Dam failure ; Risk assessment ; Risk mitigation ; Erosion ; Earthquake
• 刊名：Landslides
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：14
• 期：1
• 页码：269-285
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Natural Hazards; Geography, general; Agriculture; Civil Engineering;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1612-5118
• 卷排序：14

文摘

An Ms 6.5 earthquake shocked the Ludian County, Yunnan Province, China, on 3 August 2014 and triggered the Hongshiyan landslide dam. The dam, with a height of 83 m and a lake capacity of 260 × 106 m3, threatened more than 10,000 people. A unique feature of this landslide dam was that it formed between a man-made dam and a hydropower plant. An existing drainage tunnel connecting the lake and the hydropower plant became a natural drainage conduit for the landslide dam, which played an important role in the mitigation of the landslide dam risks. This paper reports a quantitative risk assessment for the Hongshiyan landslide dam considering both engineering and non-engineering risk mitigation measures. The risk assessment is divided into three stages according to the implementation of two engineering measures: construction of a diversion channel and excavation of a branch drainage tunnel. The dam breaching hydrographs, flood zones, population at risk, and likely fatalities in each of the three stages are analysed. The optimum evacuation strategy in each stage is also studied based on the principle of minimum total consequence. It is found that the diversion channel decreases the dam breaching peak discharge and the associated risks significantly. The branch drainage tunnel prevent the landslide dam from overtopping failure in non-flooded period; however, the landslide dam may fail by overtopping in a future flood if the inflow rate is larger than the outflow rate through the drainage tunnels, resulting in serious losses of lives and properties. The dam breaching risks in all the three stages could be largely reduced by the optimal evacuation decision, which shows that timely evacuation is vital to save life and properties. The study provides a scientific basis for decision making in landslide dam risk management.