Perturbations to the Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of the Diurnally-Varying Atmospheric Boundary Layer Due to an Extensive Wind Farm

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• 作者：V. Sharma ; M. B. Parlange ; M. Calaf
• 关键词：Terrestrial wind farms ; Atmospheric boundary layer ; Diurnal cycles ; Wind ; farm control ; General circulation models
• 刊名：Boundary-Layer Meteorology
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：162
• 期：2
• 页码：255-282
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Atmospheric Sciences; Meteorology; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution;
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-1472
• 卷排序：162

文摘

The effect of extensive terrestrial wind farms on the spatio-temporal structure of the diurnally-evolving atmospheric boundary layer is explored. High-resolution large-eddy simulations of a realistic diurnal cycle with an embedded wind farm are performed. Simulations are forced by a constant geostrophic velocity with time-varying surface boundary conditions derived from a selected period of the CASES-99 field campaign. Through analysis of the bulk statistics of the flow as a function of height and time, it is shown that extensive wind farms shift the inertial oscillations and the associated nocturnal low-level jet vertically upwards by approximately 200 m; cause a three times stronger stratification between the surface and the rotor-disk region, and as a consequence, delay the formation and growth of the convective boundary layer (CBL) by approximately 2 h. These perturbations are shown to have a direct impact on the potential power output of an extensive wind farm with the displacement of the low-level jet causing lower power output during the night as compared to the day. The low-power regime at night is shown to persist for almost 2 h beyond the morning transition due to the reduced growth of the CBL. It is shown that the wind farm induces a deeper entrainment region with greater entrainment fluxes. Finally, it is found that the diurnally-averaged effective roughness length for wind farms is much lower than the reference value computed theoretically for neutral conditions.