Barrier function in the peripheral and central nervous system—a review

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• 作者：AK Reinhold ; HL Rittner
• 关键词：Blood–nerve barrier ; Blood–brain barrier ; Blood–spinal cord barrier ; Claudin ; Occludin ; Tricellulin ; ZO ; 1 ; Tight junction ; Nerve injury ; Inflammatory polyneuropathy ; Spinal cord injury ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Multiple sclerosis ; Ischemic stroke ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Drug delivery ; Barrier opening
• 刊名：Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：January 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：469
• 期：1
• 页码：123-134
• 全文大小：
• 刊物主题：Human Physiology; Molecular Medicine; Neurosciences; Cell Biology; Receptors;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-2013
• 卷排序：469

文摘

The peripheral (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) are delicate structures, highly sensitive to homeostatic changes—and crucial for basic vital functions. Thus, a selection of barriers ensures the protection of the nervous system from noxious blood-borne or surrounding stimuli. In this chapter, anatomy and functioning of the blood–nerve (BNB), the blood–brain (BBB), and the blood–spinal cord barriers (BSCB) are presented and the key tight junction (TJ) proteins described: claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-5, claudin-11, claudin-12, claudin-19, occludin, Zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), and tricellulin are by now identified as relevant for nerval barriers. Different diseases can lead to or be accompanied by neural barrier disruption, and impairment of these barriers worsens pathology. Peripheral nerve injury and inflammatory polyneuropathy cause an increased permeability of BNB as well as BSCB, while, e.g., diseases of the CNS such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or Alzheimer’s disease can progress and worsen through barrier dysfunction. Moreover, the complex role and regulation of the BBB after ischemic stroke is described. On the other side, PNS and CNS barriers hamper the delivery of drugs in diseases when the barrier is intact, e.g., in certain neurodegenerative diseases or inflammatory pain. Understanding of the barrier - regulating processes has already lead to the discovery of new molecules as drug enhancers. In summary, the knowledge of all of these mechanisms might ultimately lead to the invention of drugs to control barrier function to help ameliorating or curing neurological diseases.